How to use multiple GitHub accounts on single machine

Most of us have multiple (mostly two) GitHub accounts, personal and work account. You need to have the ability to push and pull to multiple accounts. This post is about how to setup and use them on a single machine using HTTPS or SSH.

Note: The instructions below have all been executed on macOS and should work fine on all Unix based operating systems.

Using HTTPS

Step 1: Change remote URL

git remote set-url <remote-name> https://<username>@github.com/<username>/<repo-name>.git

If you are setting-up new remote:

git remote add <remote-name> https://<username>@github.com/<username>/<repo-name>.git

Step 2: Update git config

By default, git use a system-wide configuration file (global config file) or the one stored at top of your home directory to pick your username and email. To ensure that the commits appear as performed by correct username, you have to setup the user.name and user.email for project, too:

git config user.name <username>
git config user.email <[email protected]>

Every git repository has a hidden .git folder (dotfile) which stores all of git related information. You can always check the username and email for a particular project.

open .git/config // check [user] section for email and username

You are good to go now!

git push <remote> <branch>

Entering this, terminal will ask your GitHub account password (once). If it is asking for password each time you push commit, you can cache them using git credential store:

git config credential.helper store

Using this helper will store your passwords unencrypted on disk, protected only by filesystem permissions. This command stores credentials indefinitely on disk for use by future Git programs.

Using SSH

Step 1: Generate new SSH Keys

Before generating new SSH keys, check for existing SSH keys. To list existing ssh keys, go to the terminal, run command ls -al ~/.ssh, files with extension .pub are your SSH keys. You need to have ssh keys for each account. If you are planning to use two accounts personal and work, there should be two SSH keys, if not, you have to generate them.

If you see No such file or directory after running ls -al ~/.ssh command, go ahead and create ~/.ssh directory with command mkdir -p ~/.ssh.

Generate SSH key for Work account

To generate a new SSH key, go to terminal and run the command:

ssh-keygen -t rsa -C <work-email>

To get the email associated with your work account:

Go to GitHub
Log in to your work account
Navigate to Settings
Copy the associated email

On running the command, you will see:

Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/<current user>/.ssh/id_rsa):

Enter file name /Users/<current-user>/.ssh/id_rsa_work. Default will be id_rsa. But to differentiate between work and personal, use id_rsa_work_ and id_rsa_personal. After entering the key file name, you will be asked for entering passphrase.

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:

A passphrase is similar to a password. The purpose of the passphrase is usually to encrypt the private key. This makes the key file by itself useless to an attacker.

Generate SSH key for Personal account

Follow the same steps as generating an SSH key for the work account. Save the key file as id_rsa_personal.

After generating SSH keys for both work and personal account, if you enter ls -al ~/.ssh, you will see list of your keys as below:

-rw-------   1 <current-user>  staff  2655 Apr  5 02:18 id_rsa_work
-rw-r--r--   1 <current-user>  staff   579 Apr  5 02:18 id_rsa_work.pub
-rw-------   1 <current-user>  staff  2655 Apr  5 02:11 id_rsa_personal
-rw-r--r--   1 <current-user>  staff   571 Apr  5 02:11 id_rsa_personal.pub

id_rsa_work.pub and id_rsa_personal.pub are your public SSH keys. id_rsa_work and id_rsa_personal (keys without .pub extension) are private keys. SSH keys always come in twos. The private key is stored on the client (your machine). The public key is stored on the remote machine. When you makes an attempt to connect to a remote machine (GitHub here but true in general) via SSH, the SSH protocol will check your computer for the private key that matches the public key stored on the remote machine. If they matches, the connection is successful.

Step 2: Add generated SSH Keys to GitHub accounts

For Work account

Copy your work account SSh key to machine clipboard with command:

pbcopy < ~/.ssh/id_rsa_work.pub

To associate SSH key with GitHub account:

Go to GitHub
Login to your work account
Navigate to Settings
Go to SSH and GPG Keys section from the sidebar
Click on New SSH Key button
Paste key in Key text field.

You will most likely receive a mail from GitHub that a new public key is added to your account.

For Personal account

Use key id_rsa_personal and follow the same step as work account for personal account.

Step 3: Update git global configuration

Ignore this step if you are going for Step 4

Git global configuration file should be aware of all of your GitHub accounts. Run this command to edit the global config file:

git config --global --edit

Config file will open in vim, enter i for insert mode and enter:

[work]
  name = <work github username>
  email = <work email>
[personal]
  name = <personal github username>
  email = <personal email>

Press esc and :wq to exit the insert mode in vim.

Now, whenever you will be pulling or pushing, you will be asked which account should be used for this repositopry (once only) and the local config file (repository level) will remember the account.

Important: Make sure you’re using SSH instead of HTTPS as remote URL:

git remote set-url <remote-name> [email protected]:<username>/<repo-name>.git

If you are setting-up new remote:

git remote add <remote-name> [email protected]:<username>/<repo-name>.git

Now, you are all set to use multiple GitHub accounts on your machine!

Further, feel free to use SSH configuration rules explanined below if you find them more handy.

Step 4: Add SSH configuration rules [OPTIONAL]

Register new SSH keys

Before configuring rules, register the new SSH Keys with the ssh-agent. Open the terminal and run:

ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa_work
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa_personal

If you entered passphrase during generating key process, you will be asked to enter the same here, not otherwise.

Enter passphrase for /Users/<current-user>/.ssh/id_rsa_work:

(same for personal account key)

On success you will see:

Identity added: /Users/<current-user>/.ssh/id_rsa_work (<work-email>)

(same for personal account key)

To make sure if ssh-agent is running, run command eval "$(ssh-agent -s)".

Create SSH Config File and Add Rules

Create new SSH config file by runnning

touch ~/.ssh/config

We need to add SSH config rules for different hosts to specify which identity file to use for which domain. This is way to tell SSH when to use work account and when to use personal account while performing git/github related stuff.

Open newly created config file with command vim ~/.ssh/config. You can choose other editor to edit file if you are not comfortable with vim.

Add rules to config file as below:

# Rule for Work account
Host github.com-work
   HostName github.com
   User git
   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_work

# Rule for Personal account
Host github.com-personal
   HostName github.com
   User git
   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_personal

Test the rules

To check if everything is working fine, create a new test repository on your personal GitHub account and run commands below in terminal:

mkdir TestRepo
cd TestRepo
git init
touch testfile.txt
echo "This is test line" >> testfile.txt
git add testfile.txt
git commit -m "This is test commit"
git remote add origin git@github-personal:<personal-username>/TestRepo.git
git push origin master

Things to be taken care

If you have the repository already cloned update remote URLs like below:

git remote set-url <remote-name> [email protected]:<username>/<repo-name>.git

If you are creating a new repository set remote like below:

git remote add <remote-name> [email protected]:<username>/<repo-name>.git

If you are cloning a repository

git clone [email protected]:<username>/<repo-name>.git

(same for work repositories, use github.com-work)

All set, rest will be taken care by SSH configuration!

Don’t forget to share ^_^