Wikipedia

貿易圏

貿易圏（ぼうえきけん）とは、政府間貿易協定の一つ。多くは地域国際機関を元に形成され、参加国間は貿易障壁（関税や非関税障壁）が軽減・免除される[1]。

概要

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世界の経済統合段階:
(緑であるほど段階が高い)
  経済通貨同盟 (CSME/EC$, EU/€)
  経済同盟 (CSME, EU)
  関税通貨同盟 (CEMAC/CFAフラン, UEMOA/CFAフラン)
  共同市場 (EEA, EFTA, CES)
  関税同盟 (CAN, CUBKR, EAC, EUCU, MERCOSUR, SACU)
  多国間自由貿易協定 (AFTA, CEFTA, CISFTA, COMESA, GAFTA, GCC, NAFTA, SAFTA, SICA, TPP)

貿易圏の一覧

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メルコスール

貿易圏別の統計

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貿易圏 人口 GDP (USD) 参加国
2006 2007 growth per capita
共同市場, 経済同盟 経済通貨同盟 通貨同盟
欧州連合の経済通貨統合 324,879,195 10,685,946,928,310 12,225,304,229,686 14.41% 37,630
東カリブ諸国機構 (OECS) 593,905 3,752,679,562 3,998,281,731 6.54% 6,732
Overseas Issuing Institute (OII) 504,476 12,264,278,329 14,165,953,200 15.51% 28,081
カリブ共同体 (CCCM) 6,418,417 39,616,485,623 43,967,600,765 10.98% 6,850
欧州経済領域(EEA) 499,620,521 14,924,076,504,592 17,186,876,431,709 15.16% 34,400
関税通貨同盟
中部アフリカ諸国経済共同体(CEMAC) 39,278,645 51,265,460,685 58,519,380,755 14.15% 1,490
西アフリカ諸国経済共同体(UEMOA) 90,299,945 50,395,629,494 58,453,871,283 15.99% 647
関税同盟
アンデス共同体(CAN) 96,924,486 281,269,141,372 334,172,968,648 18.81% 3,448
東アフリカ共同体(EAC) 127,107,838 49,882,030,443 61,345,180,041 22.98% 483
欧州連合関税同盟(EUCU) 574,602,745 15,331,827,900,202 17,679,376,474,719 15.31% 30,768
湾岸協力会議(GCC) 36,154,528 724,460,151,595 802,641,302,477 10.79% 22,200
南米共同市場(MERCOSUR) 271,304,946 1,517,510,000,000 1,886,817,000,000 12.44% 9,757
南部アフリカ関税同盟(SACU) 58,000,000 1,499,811,549,187 1,848,337,158,281 23.24% 6,885
特恵貿易地域 と 自由貿易協定
ASEAN自由貿易地域(AANFTA)-ASEAN+3 2,085,858,841 10,216,029,899,764 11,323,947,181,804 10.84% 5,429
Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) 499,807,662 2,823,198,095,131 3,292,088,771,480 16.61% 6,587
アフリカ自由貿易地域 (AFTZ) 553,915,405 643,541,709,413 739,927,625,273 14.98% 1,336
Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement(APTA) 2,714,464,027 4,868,614,302,744 5,828,692,637,764 19.72% 2,147
CARIFORUM-EUCU-OCTs 592,083,950 15,437,771,092,522 17,798,283,524,961 15.29% 30,060
中米統合機構(CACM) 37,388,063 87,209,524,889 97,718,800,794 12.05% 2,614
中欧自由貿易協定(CEFTA) 27,968,711 110,263,802,023 135,404,501,031 22.80% 4,841
独立国家共同体(CISFTA) 272,897,834 1,271,909,586,018 1,661,429,920,721 30.62% 6,088
ドミニカ中米自由貿易協定(DR-CAFTA-US) 356,964,477 13,345,469,865,037 14,008,686,684,089 4.97% 39,244
西アフリカ諸国経済共同体((ECOWAS) 283,096,250 215,999,071,943 255,784,634,128 18.42% 904
欧州自由貿易連合(EFTA)-南部アフリカ関税同盟(SACU) 68,199,991 1,021,509,931,918 1,139,385,636,888 11.54% 16,707
ユーラシア経済共同体(EAEC) 207,033,990 1,125,634,333,117 1,465,256,182,498 30.17% 7,077
北米自由貿易協定(NAFTA) 449,227,672 15,337,094,304,218 16,189,097,801,318 5.56% 36,038
環太平洋戦略的経済連携協定(TPP) 25,639,622 401,810,366,865 468,101,167,294 16.50% 18,257
南アジア地域協力連合(SAARC) 1,567,187,373 1,162,684,650,544 1,428,392,756,312 22.85% 911
南太平洋地域貿易経済協力協定(SPARTECA) 35,079,659 918,557,785,031 1,102,745,750,172 20.05% 31,435
This list is based on the data obtained from   国際連合 Statistics Division.

貿易圏についての比較

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取り組み
貿易圏 自由貿易協定(FTA) 経済通貨同盟 渡航自由化 政治的協定 集団防衛 その他
関税同盟 共同市場 通貨同盟 ビザ免除 出入国審査免除
EU 発効 発効7 発効2 発効 1 発効 発効
(シェンゲン協定 1, 7, NPU and CTA 1) 		発効 発効
(NATO 1, 7 and CFSP/ESDP 1) 		ESA 1, 7
EFTA 発効 発効2, 7 発効 発効 1, 7 発効 1, 7 ESA 1, 7
CARICOM 発効 発効 発効 1 発効 1 and
proposed common 		発効 1 proposed proposed 非核
AU ECOWAS 発効 1, 3 発効 1 proposed[2][3] 発効 1 and
proposed for 2012 1 and
proposed common 		発効 1 proposed proposed 発効 非核1
ECCAS 発効1 発効1 proposed 発効1 発効 発効 非核1
EAC 発効 発効 proposed for 2015 proposed for 2012 proposed  ? proposed for 2015 非核1
SADC 発効1 発効1 proposed for 2015 de-facto 発効 1 and proposed common for 2016 proposed[4] 非核1
COMESA 発効1 proposed for 2010  ? proposed for 2018 非核1
Common proposed for 2019 proposed for 2019 proposed for 2023 proposed for 2028 proposed for 2028 非核1
UNASUR MERCOSUR 発効 発効 proposed for 2015[5] 発効 proposed for 2014[6] 非核
CAN 発効 発効 1 proposed1[7] 発効 非核
Common proposed for 2014 4 proposed for not after 2019 proposed for 2019 proposed for 2019 発効[8] proposed for 2019 proposed 発効 非核
EurAsEC 発効1 発効1 proposed for 20121 Proposed[9] 発効[10] 発効 1
AL GCC 発効 proposed for 2012[11] proposed proposed 1 発効
Common 発効1 proposed for 2015 proposed for 2020 proposed proposed[12]
ASEAN 発効 5 proposed for 2015[13] proposed 8[14] 発効[15] proposed for 2015[16] proposed for 2020[17] 非核
CAIS 発効1 proposed ? 発効1 発効1 proposed 非核
CEFTA 発効 RCC7
NAFTA 発効 発効 1, 7
SAARC 発効 1, 6
PIF proposed for 20211 非核1

1 not all members participating yet
2 involving goods, services, telecommunications, transport (full liberalisation of railways from 2012), energy (full liberalisation from 2007)
3 telecommunications, transport and energy - proposed
4 sensitive goods to be covered from 2019
5 least developed members to join from 2012
6 least developed members to join from 2017
7 Additionally some non member states also participate (the European Union, EFTA and NATO have overlapping membership and various common initiatives regarding the European integration).
8 Additionally some non member states also participate (ASEAN Plus Three)

脚注

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  1. ^ Schott 1991, 1.
  2. ^ WT/COMTD/N/11
  3. ^ WT/COMTD/N/21
  4. ^ “Prensa Latina”. Prensa Latina. (February 3, 2007). http://www.plenglish.com/Article.asp?ID=%7BED24867F-2CDD-4DF8-9342-2FBF3AB80AB2%7D&language=EN 
  5. ^ WT/REG238/M/1
  6. ^ “Definidos critérios para o Parlamento do Mercosul”. Senado Federal - Notícias. (February 3, 2007). http://www.senado.gov.br/sf/noticia/senamidia/jornalSenado/verNoticia.asp?ud=20051017&datNoticia=20051017&codNoticia=37826 
  7. ^ Twelfth Andean Presidential Council Act of Lima
  8. ^ “South American countries reach visa deal”. CNN. (November 24, 2006). オリジナルの2006年12月20日時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20061220143118/http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/americas/11/24/chile.southamerica.ap/index.html 
  9. ^ GCC countries postpone customs union Nazarbayev proposed to create the SCO's reserve currency
  10. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20070705142505/www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=2847543&PageNum=0
  11. ^ GCC countries postpone customs union move
  12. ^ Yemen Proposes Replacing Arab League With Arab Union, Agence France-Presse, 11 February 2004
  13. ^ “Asean Trade Mins Meet To Speed Up Plans For Single Market”. Malaysia Dual Lingual Business News. (February 3, 2007). http://www.biznewsdb.com/english/newspage/newspage.asp?ID=60515103&file1=6&bulan=05&kw=wwqq 
  14. ^ “Envisioning a single Asian currency”. International Herald Tribune. (February 3, 2007). http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/03/27/bloomberg/bxadb.php 
  15. ^ “ASEAN To Sign Accord On Visa-Free Travel”. AHN - All Headline News. (February 3, 2007). http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7004181732 
  16. ^ "ASEAN Leaders Sign Five Agreements at the 12th ASEAN Summit, Cebu, the Philippines, 13 January 2007" (Press release). ASEAN Secretariat. 13 January 2007. 2007年1月28日閲覧。On the first day of the 12th ASEAN Summit, five Agreements have been signed by ASEAN leaders - reinforcing their commitment in the continuing integration of ASEAN and enhancing political, economic and social cooperation in the region.
  17. ^ “ASEAN defense ministers aim for security community”. ABS-CBN. (February 3, 2007). http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryId=38152 

参考文献

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  • Mansfield, Edward D. and Helen V. Milner, "The New Wave of Regionalism" in Diehl, Paul F. (2005). The Politics of Global Governance: International Organizations in an Interdependent World. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 1-55587-654-4 
  • Milner, Helen V., "International Trade" in Carlsnaes, Walter; Thomas Risse, Beth A. Simmons (2002). Handbook of International Relations. London: SAGE Publications. ISBN 0-7619-6304-9 
  • O'Loughlin, John; Luc Anselin (1996). “Geo-Economic Competition and Trade Bloc Formation: United States, German, and Japanese Exports, 1968-1992”. Economic Geography 72 (2): 131–160. doi:10.2307/144263. JSTOR 144263. 
  • Schott, Jeffrey J. (1991). “Trading blocs and the world trading system”. World Economy 14 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9701.1991.tb00748.x. 

関連項目

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