Linda Selvey

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Christine Whyte

University of Glasgow

Nemata Blyden

University of Virginia

jacques kpodonu

Harvard Medical School

Dalson Figueiredo

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

Phillip Tully

University of Adelaide

Garumma T Feyissa

Drexel University

Marion C Rohrleitner

University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP)

Mike Seed

University of Toronto

Dr. Rohan Malik MD, PDCC, DM

All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi

Linda E Carlson

University of Calgary

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Papers by Linda Selvey

Climate change is harmful to our health: taking action will have many benefits

The Medical journal of Australia, Jan 16, 2015

Transmission from horses to humans of equine morbillivirus (EMV) infection

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Oct 1, 1996

Early management of meningococcal disease: Do attitudes of GPs influence practice?

Health Sciences Medicine Papers, 2005

Survival from early meningococcal disease might be improved if general practitioners followed gui... more Survival from early meningococcal disease might be improved if general practitioners followed guidelines by immediately administering parenteral antibiotics (before hospital referral). Structured telephone interviews with 20 GPs who had previously treated meningococcal cases. General practitioners knew guideline recommendations for early management of meningococcal disease: early parenteral antibiotics would be given by about half the GPs entertaining a diagnosis of meningococcal infection. Barriers to immediate treatment were: diagnostic uncertainty, regarding the case as nonurgent, and practising close to a hospital. Diagnosing meningococcal disease is difficult in general practice. Early antibiotic administration for suspected cases is appropriate even in close proximity to referral hospitals.

Long term outcomes of Murray Valley encephalitis cases in Western Australia - what have we learnt?

Internal medicine journal, Jan 25, 2015

Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes encephalitis i... more Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes encephalitis in some cases of infection. It is endemic in Northern Australia and cases occasionally occur in South Eastern Australia. The long-term sequelae of MVEV infection have not previously been well-described. To investigate the long-term sequelae of MVEV infection. This was a descriptive case series of all clinical MVEV infections using data linkage and standard surveys. Hospital admissions, emergency department, psychiatric outpatients and mortality data were obtained. We attempted to follow up all 53 cases of MVEV clinical infection that occurred in WA from 1978 to 2011 inclusive. Two cases opted out of the study. We followed up 39 surviving cases. Seven of the nine with paralysis or paresis were under five years and they fared worse than other patients, requiring lengthy hospitalisation (median duration 133 days). Two died due to complications of quadriplegia following a total of 691 days in...

Preferential expansion and activation of Vβ5+ CD4+ T cells in murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

The Journal of Immunology

ABSTRACT

Identification of B-epitopes in the human papillomavirus 18 E7 open reading frame protein

The Journal of Immunology

Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 is implicated in the aetiology of anogenital dysplasia which m... more Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 is implicated in the aetiology of anogenital dysplasia which may progress to malignancy. HPV-16 DNA is actively transcribed in cervical carcinomas, the most abundant transcripts being from the E6 and E7 early open reading frames. The E7 protein has been shown to have transforming activity in vitro. In this report we define four immunodominant B epitopes within the protein corresponding to the E7 gene, using a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies. Three epitopes are linear and lie within the N-terminal region of the molecule, and are unique to the HPV-16 E7 protein. One epitope is non-linear and presumed to be conformational. At least three of the four epitopes of the E7 protein are detectable by immunoprecipitation from an HPV-16infected cervical carcinoma cell line. The demonstrated immunogenicity of the E7 protein allows us to deduce that this molecule may be a potential candidate for incorporation in a vaccine against cervical cancer. 0000-9316 © 1990 SGM

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Human Papillomavirus: Monoclonal antibodies to the E7 transforming protein

Routine HIV testing before surgery

Australian journal of public health

An outbreak of measles in a rural Queensland town in 1997; an opportunity to assess vaccine effectiveness

Communicable diseases intelligence

This report describes a measles outbreak in a rural town in south-east Queensland and presents th... more This report describes a measles outbreak in a rural town in south-east Queensland and presents the results of a vaccine effectiveness (VE) study performed during this outbreak. It is important to assess the effectiveness of a vaccine in an outbreak to determine if the outbreak is due to failure of the vaccine or failure to vaccinate. There were 44 cases of measles amongst local residents, which represents a notification rate of 396.7 per 100,000 population. Case investigations identified a group of people who had been exposed to measles at a seminar. The attack rate for the seminar cohort was 18% (11/61). This presented an opportunity to conduct a VE study using data about children aged less than 16 years who attended the seminar. In this cohort of 23 attendees, all 7 children who had not received any measles vaccinations became cases whilst the 6 who were fully vaccinated for their age according to NHMRC guidelines were protected from measles illness. Although there were insufficient fully vaccinated cohort members to reliably estimate VE for this group, the vaccine was 84.6% (95% CI: 15.0-99.7%) effective for those who had received at least one validated dose of vaccine. Despite the sample size limitations, the results support the view that failure to vaccinate rather than vaccine failure contributed to the high infection rate in the seminar cohort. Commun Dis Intell 1999;23:240-245.

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Infection of humans and horses by a newly described morbillivirus. Med J Aust

The Medical journal of Australia

To describe the clinical and epidemiological features of an outbreak of a viral infection affecti... more To describe the clinical and epidemiological features of an outbreak of a viral infection affecting humans and horses. Stables in Hendra, a suburb of Brisbane. Affected horses and humans, and at-risk human contacts. A pregnant mare died two days after arrival from a paddock elsewhere in Brisbane. Eight to 11 days later, illness (depression, anorexia, fever, dyspnoea, ataxia, tachycardia, tachypnoea and nasal discharge) was reported among 17 other horses from the same or an adjoining stable. Fourteen horses died or were put down. Five and six days after the index mare&#39;s death, a stable-hand and then a horse-trainer, both of whom had had close contact with the sick mare&#39;s mucous secretions, developed influenza-like illnesses. The stable-hand recovered but the trainer developed pneumonitis, respiratory failure, renal failure and arterial thrombosis, and died from a cardiac arrest seven days after admission to hospital. A morbillivirus cultured from his kidney was identical to one isolated from the lungs of five affected horses. The two affected humans and eight other horses were seropositive for the infection, which was reproduced in healthy horses following challenge by spleen/lung homogenates from infected horses. There was no serological evidence of infection in 157 humans who had had contact with the stables or the sick horses or humans. A previously undescribed morbillivirus infected a probable 21 horses and two humans; one human and 14 horses died. That no further cases were detected among humans suggests that the virus was of low infectivity. The source of infection remains undetermined.

Fulminant hepatitis A in Indigenous children in north Queensland

The Medical journal of Australia

Since 1993, three Indigenous children in north Queensland have died of fulminant hepatitis A. Eve... more Since 1993, three Indigenous children in north Queensland have died of fulminant hepatitis A. Even if the children had been able to undergo liver transplantation, prolonged immunosuppressant therapy and the likelihood of opportunistic infections would inevitably have jeopardised any chance of long-term survival. As hepatitis A has become a leading infectious cause of death in young Indigenous children in north Queensland, hepatitis A vaccine has recently been introduced into the vaccination schedule for these children.

Analysis of antigen receptor signaling in B cells from mice with a retrovirus-induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

The Journal of Immunology

MAIDS is a retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome in mice that has similarities to human AI... more MAIDS is a retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome in mice that has similarities to human AIDS. Because the functional defects in B cells from retroviral immunodeficiency syndromes have not been characterized in detail, we examined early and late parameters of B cell responses to IgM cross-linking in B cells from MAIDS and normal mice. Splenic B cells from mice with MAIDS have defective in vitro proliferative responses to LPS and anti-IgM-mediated stimuli, as well as to PMA plus calcium ionophore, indicating a generalized defect in proliferative response potential independent of specific receptor-mediated signaling. When early signaling parameters were analyzed in response to IgM cross-linking, it was found that calcium flux in B cells from MAIDS mice was significantly reduced; this reduction was not accounted for by quantitative differences in cell-surface IgM expression and therefore indicates a defect in early signal transduction through the IgM receptor. The tyrosine phosphorylation response to IgM cross-linking was also markedly deficient; tyrosine phosphorylation of Ig-alpha, Ig-beta, and an undefined protein of 80 kDa was detected in MAIDS B cells after anti-IgM stimulation, at levels substantially less than those observed in normal B cells. Multiple other tyrosine phosphorylation events observed in normal B cells, including phosphorylation of GTPase-activating protein, P13-kinase, and syk kinase, were not detected in MAIDS B cells in response to IgM cross-linking. The defect in tyrosine phosphorylation seemed to correlate with reduced surface IgM levels on a subpopulation of MAIDS B cells. B cells from mice expressing the MAIDS retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency thus reflect defects in early signaling through the Ag-specific IgM receptor as well as a generalized defect in proliferative responsiveness.

Bat lyssavirus prophylaxis in an immunocompromised patient

The Medical journal of Australia

1. Med J Aust. 1998 Aug 3;169(3):175. Bat lyssavirus prophylaxis in an immunocompromised patient.... more

Screening of bat carers for antibodies to equine morbillivirus

Communicable diseases intelligence

In response to a recent finding of antibodies reactive with equine morbillivirus in four species ... more In response to a recent finding of antibodies reactive with equine morbillivirus in four species of flying foxes, people who had close association with flying foxes were tested for antibodies to the virus. One hundred and twenty-eight bat carers were tested, none of whom had detectable antibodies. As people who had regular contact with flying foxes were targeted in this study, the majority of the subjects had considerable histories of contact with flying foxes, including scratches and bites. These findings suggest that neither prolonged close contact nor casual contact with flying foxes engenders a risk of equine morbillivirus infection in humans.

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Enhanced surveillance for meningococcal disease in Queensland in 1999

Communicable diseases intelligence

Enhanced surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease commenced in Queensland in 1999. There we... more Enhanced surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease commenced in Queensland in 1999. There were 93 cases, an incidence of 2.8/100,000 population. Most (87%) cases were laboratory confirmed, but 12 per cent were probable cases without laboratory confirmation. The highest age-specific attack rates were in the under 1, 1 to 4 and 15 to 24 year age groups. Most of the serologically characterised isolates were group B (70%), followed by group C (24%). There were 12 deaths, resulting in a case fatality rate of 13 per cent. Those who died were more likely to have group C than group B disease (OR 5.04, CI 1.05-25.14). Only 14 per cent of cases that saw a general practitioner (GP) prior to hospitalisation received parenteral antibiotics, 23 per cent of the 35 cases referred to hospital by a GP received pre-hospital parenteral antibiotics and 33 per cent of cases were notified to health authorities within 24 hours of hospital admission. Thirty per cent were notified two or more days after hospitalisation, delaying the start of public health action. Enhanced surveillance has demonstrated a need to promote the use of pre-hospital parenteral antibiotics by GPs and a need to encourage more timely reporting of cases to health authorities. Commun Dis Intell 2000;24:332-336.

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Onshore catering increases the risk of diarrhoeal illness amongst cruise ship passengers

Communicable diseases intelligence

Since the inception of the National Mycobacterial Surveillance System (NMSS) in 1991, annual crud... more Since the inception of the National Mycobacterial Surveillance System (NMSS) in 1991, annual crude notification rates for tuberculosis have remained stable at between 5 and 6 per 100,000 population. In 1998, there was a total of 923 TB notifications in Australia of which 884 were new TB cases, and 39 relapsed cases. The corresponding annual crude notification rate for new and relapsed TB was 4.72 and 0.21 per 100,000 respectively. Seventy-seven percent of notifications that had a country of birth reported were overseas born. In keeping with trends observed over recent reporting years, the populations for which notified TB rates are highest include the overseas born from high prevalence countries and Indigenous Australians. The lowest rates of disease have continued to be reported in the non-Indigenous, Australian born population. Surveillance reports over the last seven years indicate that the rate of disease in this population is gradually declining. Commun Dis Intell 2001;25:1-8.

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Australia: the healthiest country by 2020

The Medical journal of Australia, Jan 17, 2008

In April 2008, the Australian Government established the National Preventative Health Taskforce t... more In April 2008, the Australian Government established the National Preventative Health Taskforce to develop a National Preventative Health Strategy by June 2009. The Strategy will provide a blueprint for tackling the burden of chronic disease currently caused by obesity, tobacco and excessive consumption of alcohol. The Taskforce has produced a discussion paper, Australia: the healthiest country by 2020. It presents a wide range of options, some of them contentious, to achieve this ambitious target.

The Australian primary healthcare experiment: a national survey of Medicare Locals

BMJ open, 2015

The objectives of this study are to evaluate the development and implementation of Medicare Local... more The objectives of this study are to evaluate the development and implementation of Medicare Locals as new primary care organisations and consider the implications of these findings for the wider challenge of strengthening primary healthcare in Australia and internationally. National survey of Medicare Locals which involved the use of content analysis and a descriptive survey tool. 61 Medicare Locals in Australia. The survey was distributed electronically to all 61 Medicare Local Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) between October and December 2013. The research was interested in exploring the following areas; the form and function of Medicare Locals; the confidence and capacity of Medicare Locals to perform against their objectives around population planning and system integration; their ability to engage relevant stakeholder groups; and the barriers and facilitators to reform. A total of 43 (70%) of Medicare Locals completed the survey with representation from six of the eight Australi...

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Finding the 'who' in whooping cough: vaccinated siblings are important pertussis sources in infants 6 months of age and under

Communicable diseases intelligence quarterly report, 2014

To describe the epidemiology of pertussis, and to identify changes in the source of pertussis in ... more To describe the epidemiology of pertussis, and to identify changes in the source of pertussis in infants 6 months of age and under, during the 2008-2012 epidemic in south metropolitan Perth. Analysis of all pertussis cases notified to the South Metropolitan Population Health Unit and recorded on the Western Australian Notifiable Infectious Disease Database over the study period. Information on the source of pertussis was obtained from enhanced surveillance data. Notification rates were highest in the 5-9 years age group, followed by the 0-4 years and 10-14 years age groups. There was a significant increase in the proportion of known sources who were siblings from the early epidemic period of 2008-2010, compared with the peak epidemic period of 2011-2012 (14.3% versus 51.4%, p = 0.002). The majority of sibling sources were fully vaccinated children aged 2 and 3 years. The incidence of pertussis was highest in children aged 12 years and under in this epidemic. At its peak, siblings we...

Enhanced surveillance for meningococcal disease in Queensland in 1999

Communicable diseases intelligence, 2000

Enhanced surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease commenced in Queensland in 1999. There we... more Enhanced surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease commenced in Queensland in 1999. There were 93 cases, an incidence of 2.8/100,000 population. Most (87%) cases were laboratory confirmed, but 12 per cent were probable cases without laboratory confirmation. The highest age-specific attack rates were in the under 1, 1 to 4 and 15 to 24 year age groups. Most of the serologically characterised isolates were group B (70%), followed by group C (24%). There were 12 deaths, resulting in a case fatality rate of 13 per cent. Those who died were more likely to have group C than group B disease (OR 5.04, CI 1.05-25.14). Only 14 per cent of cases that saw a general practitioner (GP) prior to hospitalization received parenteral antibiotics, 23 per cent of the 35 cases referred to hospital by a GP received pre-hospital parenteral antibiotics and 33 per cent of cases were notified to health authorities within 24 hours of hospital admission. Thirty per cent were notified two or more days after...

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Climate change is harmful to our health: taking action will have many benefits

The Medical journal of Australia, Jan 16, 2015

Transmission from horses to humans of equine morbillivirus (EMV) infection

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Oct 1, 1996

Early management of meningococcal disease: Do attitudes of GPs influence practice?

Health Sciences Medicine Papers, 2005

Long term outcomes of Murray Valley encephalitis cases in Western Australia - what have we learnt?

Internal medicine journal, Jan 25, 2015

Preferential expansion and activation of Vβ5+ CD4+ T cells in murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

The Journal of Immunology

ABSTRACT

Identification of B-epitopes in the human papillomavirus 18 E7 open reading frame protein

The Journal of Immunology

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Human Papillomavirus: Monoclonal antibodies to the E7 transforming protein

Routine HIV testing before surgery

Australian journal of public health

An outbreak of measles in a rural Queensland town in 1997; an opportunity to assess vaccine effectiveness

Communicable diseases intelligence

Download

Infection of humans and horses by a newly described morbillivirus. Med J Aust

The Medical journal of Australia

Fulminant hepatitis A in Indigenous children in north Queensland

The Medical journal of Australia

Analysis of antigen receptor signaling in B cells from mice with a retrovirus-induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

The Journal of Immunology

Bat lyssavirus prophylaxis in an immunocompromised patient

The Medical journal of Australia

1. Med J Aust. 1998 Aug 3;169(3):175. Bat lyssavirus prophylaxis in an immunocompromised patient.... more

Screening of bat carers for antibodies to equine morbillivirus

Communicable diseases intelligence

Download

Enhanced surveillance for meningococcal disease in Queensland in 1999

Communicable diseases intelligence

Download

Onshore catering increases the risk of diarrhoeal illness amongst cruise ship passengers

Communicable diseases intelligence

Download

Australia: the healthiest country by 2020

The Medical journal of Australia, Jan 17, 2008

The Australian primary healthcare experiment: a national survey of Medicare Locals

BMJ open, 2015

Download

Finding the 'who' in whooping cough: vaccinated siblings are important pertussis sources in infants 6 months of age and under

Communicable diseases intelligence quarterly report, 2014

Enhanced surveillance for meningococcal disease in Queensland in 1999

Communicable diseases intelligence, 2000

Enhanced surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease commenced in Queensland in 1999. There we... more Enhanced surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease commenced in Queensland in 1999. There were 93 cases, an incidence of 2.8/100,000 population. Most (87%) cases were laboratory confirmed, but 12 per cent were probable cases without laboratory confirmation. The highest age-specific attack rates were in the under 1, 1 to 4 and 15 to 24 year age groups. Most of the serologically characterised isolates were group B (70%), followed by group C (24%). There were 12 deaths, resulting in a case fatality rate of 13 per cent. Those who died were more likely to have group C than group B disease (OR 5.04, CI 1.05-25.14). Only 14 per cent of cases that saw a general practitioner (GP) prior to hospitalization received parenteral antibiotics, 23 per cent of the 35 cases referred to hospital by a GP received pre-hospital parenteral antibiotics and 33 per cent of cases were notified to health authorities within 24 hours of hospital admission. Thirty per cent were notified two or more days after...

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