Papers by Horizon Research Publishing(HRPUB) Kevin Nelson
Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2024
Over time, buildings undergo damage influenced by various factors. This vulnerability spans the e... more Over time, buildings undergo damage influenced by various factors. This vulnerability spans the entire lifespan of buildings, starting from the initial planning and implementation stages. A common consequence is damage to architectural components, particularly the formation of cracked walls. PU Ministerial Decree number 16/PRT/M/2010 identifies multiple factors contributing to wall cracks, including plaster layer expansion and shrinkage, vibrations from traffic, seismic events, and structural deformation. This research was carried out by making a wall construction prototype. The prototype will be given pressure as a lateral load so that the wall construction cracks. Test results indicate a deflection of 75 mm at a 498 kg load for a steel structure frame without brick masonry. Conversely, a frame structure with brick masonry showed a deflection of 27 mm. This comparison reveals the potential of brick wall pairs as stiffeners in steel structure frame construction. However, a cautionary note emphasizes that stronger brick walls may expedite the collapse of the structure by exerting pressure on steel columns, originally designed for tensile forces but experiencing bending forces when pressed against the bricks. Analyzing the test results and repairing techniques' efficiency underscores the reinforcement of walls as the most effective approach to addressing structural cracks due to shear collapse. This method withstands a lateral load of 581 kg, with an associated implementation cost of Rp. 293,125.00.
Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2024
Achieving the principles of sustainable development implies the need to improve architectural, co... more Achieving the principles of sustainable development implies the need to improve architectural, construction, and management practices to create conditions for comfortable living for people experiencing problems with independent movement. However, national traditions, economic resources, and regulatory norms, on the one hand, do not allow performing social and regulatory functions that ensure comfortable living conditions for people with disabilities and do not keep up with social changes despite the demand to meet the needs of reduced mobility groups of the population. The main objective of this study is to explore how an adaptive approach can improve the living conditions of people with reduced mobility. We analyzed relevant documents, published in journals indexed by Scopus and Web of Science, and interviewed 35 experts in the field of accessibility. Based on the conducted research, the possibility of adapting the living environment of a person with reduced mobility to their needs is shown, considering not only physical aspects but also social problems since people with reduced mobility need help in removing obstacles in their environment. The results indicate that installing access ramps and modifying door dimensions are effective solutions for improving accessibility, along with some changes to typical layout of the apartments. These solutions can be incorporated into current building standards to promote more inclusive housing.
Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2024
Concrete is a fundamental construction material, which faces challenges due to its low tensile st... more Concrete is a fundamental construction material, which faces challenges due to its low tensile strength and the sustainability issues of cement which are the most important ingredients for it. This study investigates the combined effect of partial cement replacement with cow dung ash and the addition of enset fiber on the mechanical properties and mineralogical formation of concrete. Enset fiber is introduced as reinforcement to enhance tensile, flexural, and compressive strength, with 0.5% by mass identified as an optimal percentage after conducting a pilot study with 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. Meanwhile, cow dung ash from animal waste, known for its pozzolanic properties and lower environmental impact compared to conventional cement production, is explored as a partial replacement material. Results show that a 10% replacement ratio of cement with cow dung ash, coupled with 0.5% enset fiber gives improved compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths of 35.88MPa, 4.37MPa, and 3.14MPa, respectively. Mineralogical analysis reveals the formation of calcite, portlandite, calcium silicate hydrate gel, halloysite, and ettringite, indicating enhanced concrete performance at this composition. Overall, this study presents an alternative approach to concrete production, offering both mechanical property enhancement and workability benefits through the integration of cow dung ash and enset fiber.
Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2024
The construction of high-rise buildings in coastal regions has become increasingly popular, posin... more The construction of high-rise buildings in coastal regions has become increasingly popular, posing significant challenges to structural integrity due to the unique environmental conditions. This review aimed to identify the prevalent structural integrity issues and remedial actions for safer, more durable, and sustainable coastline high-rise structures. A literature review was conducted, revealing that high-rise structures along coastlines are vulnerable to issues such as base design, material corrosion, coastal erosion, seismic forces, wind, and earthquake loads. Corrosion-resistant materials, base isolation systems, and the application of resilient design concepts were found to be viable remedial actions to lessen the impact of these issues. The findings demonstrate the crucial importance of designing, constructing, and maintaining high-rise structures while considering the unique environmental characteristics of coastal areas. The resilience and durability of these structures can be enhanced by implementing resilient design concepts, base isolation systems, and corrosion-resistant materials. The results have significant implications for the design, construction, and maintenance of high-rise buildings in coastal regions, emphasizing the need to account for potential natural hazards.
Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2024
Foundry greensand waste is a by-product generated in large quantities from casting operations. In... more Foundry greensand waste is a by-product generated in large quantities from casting operations. In this study, Foundry Sand Wastes (FSW) were collected from three ferrous foundries. The samples were named Sample A, B and C. The samples were examined using an X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) to study the mineralogical phase of the FSW and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the chemical composition of the FSW while a particle size distribution analyzer was used to determine the grain size distribution of the FSW. Scanning Electron Microscope was also used to determine the morphology of the samples. The silica sand in the mix was replaced by 50% FSW to produce concrete paver in the ratio of 1:1:2, 1:2:4 and 1:3:6. These ratios represent cement: silica sand + FSW: coarse aggregate. The ratio that produced the maximum compressive strength per concrete paver sample is the ratio 1:1:2 and this is similar to the split tensile strength test. The concrete paver samples were subjected to a compressive strength test and split tensile test. Quartz is the predominant mineral found in the FSW samples as revealed by XRF and XRD while the major constituents found in the three FSW samples are Silicon (Si), Iron (Fe), and Aluminium (Al). The trend of the compressive strength and split tensile strength results is consistent. Sample A compressive strength result at 28 days is 23 MPa which is below the acceptable value. Hence, Sample A was not recommended. However, samples B and C showed acceptable compressive strength results of 26MPa and 50MPa respectively at 28 days. Sample C showed the highest strength results for all the curing ages when compared with other samples. Beneficiation of the FSW that makes paving bricks wit hin acceptable toughness and durability values is recommended.
Foundry greensand waste is a by-product generated in large quantities from casting operations. In... more Foundry greensand waste is a by-product generated in large quantities from casting operations. In this study, Foundry Sand Wastes (FSW) were collected from three ferrous foundries. The samples were named Sample A, B and C. The samples were examined using an X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) to study the mineralogical phase of the FSW and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the chemical composition of the FSW while a particle size distribution analyzer was used to determine the grain size distribution of the FSW. Scanning Electron Microscope was also used to determine the morphology of the samples. The silica sand in the mix was replaced by 50% FSW to produce concrete paver in the ratio of 1:1:2, 1:2:4 and 1:3:6. These ratios represent cement: silica sand + FSW: coarse aggregate. The ratio that produced the maximum compressive strength per concrete paver sample is the ratio 1:1:2 and this is similar to the split tensile strength test. The concrete paver samples were subjected to a compressive strength test and split tensile test. Quartz is the predominant mineral found in the FSW samples as revealed by XRF and XRD while the major constituents found in the three FSW samples are Silicon (Si), Iron (Fe), and Aluminium (Al). The trend of the compressive strength and split tensile strength results is consistent. Sample A compressive strength result at 28 days is 23 MPa which is below the acceptable value. Hence, Sample A was not recommended. However, samples B and C showed acceptable compressive strength results of 26MPa and 50MPa respectively at 28 days. Sample C showed the highest strength results for all the curing ages when compared with other samples. Beneficiation of the FSW that makes paving bricks within acceptable toughness and durability values is recommended.
International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 2024
This study aimed to investigate the effects of compulsory confinement due to COVID-19 on young sw... more This study aimed to investigate the effects of compulsory confinement due to COVID-19 on young swimmers through their autonomic responses. It involved six elite athletes, with an average age of 15.20 ± 0.48 years (five males and one female, aged 15.09 years), monitored over 35 days. This period included 5 days prior to confinement, 12 days during confinement, 4 days during the first week of regular training post-confinement, and 7 days each in the second and third weeks of training. This study utilized two methods to assess the impact of training load on heart rate variability (HRV): the arbitrary units of load to quantify the training load and the log-transformed root mean square of successive R-R intervals (LnRMSSD) to evaluate HRV. Heart rate values were used to prescribe training tasks during confinement. The study observed significant changes in LnRMSSD over time, with a decrease during the confinement period (F = 3.033; p = 0.019) and a return to baseline levels for all swimmers by the third week of regular training. However, two swimmers who, on their initiative, performed an additional exercise program during confinement in addition to what the coach requested exhibited the opposite behavior by increasing the LnRMSSD value. The study suggests that the absence of regular swim training during confinement decreased HRV in most swimmers, which could be reversed or minimized by using non-specific training strategies. Also, the study highlights the practicality of HRV as a monitoring tool.
Mathematics and Statistics, 2024
There are relatively few goodness-of-fit tests specifically developed for the Pareto distribution... more There are relatively few goodness-of-fit tests specifically developed for the Pareto distribution when compared to other well-known distributions like the normal or exponential distributions. This is the case even though there are a host of practical applications where it would be required to first check the assumption that the data were realised from a Pareto distribution. We propose and investigate new goodness-of-fit tests for the Pareto Type I distribution based on a specific conditional expectation that characterises the Pareto distribution. Currently, the literature contains no other tests for the Pareto distribution based on conditional expectation. We conduct a thorough Monte Carlo power study in order to assess the finite sample performance of the newly developed tests using various estimation methods. The results from the simulation study show that the newly proposed tests are competitive in terms of power performance when compared to some existing tests. It also shows that the majority of tests produce their highest powers when the unknown shape parameter is estimated by the method of moments. A practical example, where we consider the annual salaries of English Premier League football players for two consecutive seasons, is also included to illustrate the use of the newly proposed tests. We find that the salaries in the 2021-2022 season can be adequately modelled with the Pareto distribution, but not the salaries for the 2022-2023 season.
Mathematics and Statistics, 2024
Functional equations are important and exciting concepts in mathematics. They make it possible to... more Functional equations are important and exciting concepts in mathematics. They make it possible to investigate fundamental algebraic operations and create fascinating solutions. The concept of functional equations develops further creative methods and techniques for resolving issues in information theory, finance, geometry, wireless sensor networks, and other domains. These include geometry, algebra, analysis, and so on. In recent decades, several writers in many domains have covered the study of various types of stability. Many authors have studied the stability of various functional equations in great detail, with the traditional case (Archimedean) revealing more fascinating results. Recently, researchers have used NANS to study the equivalent conclusions of stability problems from various functional equations. In this research, we examine the Hyers-Ulam stability of the hexic-quadraticadditive mixed-type functional equation g(mx + ny) + g(mx − ny) + g(nx + my) + g(nx − my) = m 2 n 2 (m 2 + n 2)[g(x + y) + g(x − y) − 2g(x)− g(y) − g(−y) + 2[g(mx) + g(nx) + g(my) + g(ny)]− (m + n)[g(y) − g(−y)] where m, n ∈ Z, m is fixed such that m, n ̸ ∈ {−1, 0, 1} and m + n ̸ = 0 in NANS and also provided some suitable counterexamples.
Mathematics and Statistics, 2024
This paper explores the homogeneous spaces and induced transformation groups of S-topological tra... more This paper explores the homogeneous spaces and induced transformation groups of S-topological transformation group. S-topological transformation group is a structure constructed by concatenating a topological group with a
topological space through a semi totally continuous action. It is shown that any map from a topological group to the quotient group of a finite Hausdorff topological group by the isotropy group is surjective, continuous, open and it has been proven that any map from the quotient group of a finite Hausdorff
topological group by the isotropy group to the homogenous space is both H-isomorphism and semi totally continuous. Furthermore, an equivariant map has been established between homogeneous spaces and discussed the partial order relation on the family of all Hausdorff homogeneous spaces for a compact Hausdorff topological group. Subsequently, an induced S-topological transformation group is constructed by an induced H-action. For any compact subgroup K of a topological group H, it is verified t hat a ny m ap from the topological spcae Y to the orbit space of K-action is continuous and a K-map. For any H-space, K-map and an induced S-topological ransformation group; it is proved that there is a unique semi totally ontinuous H-map. Additionally, it is shown that for a topological group, a subgroup K of
topological group and a K-space, there is a unique H-space and a unique injective K-map and also it is established that for a H-space and a semi totally continuous K-map, there exists a unique semi totally continuous H-map. Finally, it is demonstrated that for a finite H ausdorff topological
group, finite Frechet space and a M-space, any map from the orbit space of M-action to H × (N × Y ) is semi totally continuous...
Mathematics and Statistics, 2024
In graph theory, the notion of graph coloring plays an important role and has several application... more In graph theory, the notion of graph coloring plays an important role and has several applications in the fields of science and engineering. Since the concept of map coloring was first proposed, many researchers have invented a wide range of graph coloring techniques, among which are vertex coloring, edge coloring, total coloring, perfect coloring, list coloring, acyclic coloring, strong coloring, radio coloring, and rank coloring, these are some of the important graph coloring methods that color the graph's vertices, edges, and regions with certain conditions. One of the coloring method is Incident Vertex PI coloring. This is a function of coloring from the set of pairs of incident vertices of every edge of a graph to the power set of colors. This method ensures that all vertices are properly colored, with an additional condition that ordered pair vertices for all edges of graph receive distinct colors. Many types of graphs are defined in the graph theory. In this paper, we have discussed the Incident Vertex PI Coloring numbers for the class of graph families, Fan graph, Book graph, Gear graph, Windmill graph, Dutch Windmill graph and Crown graph.
Mathematics and Statistics, 2024
The hesitant fuzzy set (HFS) is an innovative approach to decision-making under uncertainty. This... more The hesitant fuzzy set (HFS) is an innovative approach to decision-making under uncertainty. This study addresses the aggregated operation of the HFS decision matrix. The introduction of induced VIKOR procedures, various extensions of HFSs aggregation operator, and essential approaches for multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) are presented. This technique uses the aggregation operator, HFWA operator, to rank alternatives and identify the compromise solution that comes closest to the ideal solution. We developed the hesitant fuzzy weight averaging VIKOR (HFWA-VIKOR) model as a novel technique to achieve this. By combining the hesitant fuzzy elements, the HFWA aggregation operator creates aggregated values that are expressed as a single value. The primary advantage of the HFWA-VIKOR model lies in its initial step of aggregating the hesitant fuzzy element. This results in an initial hesitant fuzzy decision matrix, which provides much more detailed information for decision-making and, through the use of the inducing HFWA operator, represents the complex attitudinal nature of the decision-makers. The multi-criteria location selection problem is then solved using the combined HFWA-VIKOR technique, and the outcomes are presented in an easy-to-understand way owing to aggregation operators. A numerical example is also applied in this new method which gives out the best alternative result. As per the scope of our research work, MCDM under hesitant fuzzy sets with HFWA-VIKOR method have been used and their result revealed the best alternative is to find out. These results indicate good potential for objectives. This technique may also be used for other studies or applications. Further research in this area may provide a more developed technique for this application.
Mathematics and Statistics, 2024
Solving nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) is crucial in various scientific and engi... more Solving nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) is crucial in various scientific and engineering domains. The Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) has emerged as a promising technique for tackling such problems. However, its effectiveness diminishes over extended time intervals due to divergence issues. This limitation hampers its practical applicability in real-world scenarios where stable and accurate numerical solutions are essential. To address the divergence problem associated with ADM, this research explores the combination of the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) with the Padétechnique – a method known for its accuracy and efficiency. This combination's purpose is to mitigate ADM's shortcomings, particularly when dealing with extended time intervals. Experimental analysis was conducted across varying time intervals to compare the performance of the combined technique with traditional ADM. Mathematica software was used to obtain all calculations, including the creation of tables and figures. Results from the experiments demonstrate the superiority of the combined technique in producing accurate results regardless of the time interval used. Furthermore, the combined method improves accuracy and ensures result stability over long time intervals, creating new possibilities for its use in scientific and engineering fields. This research contributes to the field by offering a solution to the divergence issue associated with ADM, thereby enhancing its applicability in solving nonlinear PDEs. While acknowledging limitations such as reliance on numerical simulations, the study highlights the practical implications of its findings, including more accurate predictions and modeling in complex systems, with potential social implications in decision-making and problem-solving contexts.
Food Science and Technology, 2024
Apple juice is the second most consumed fruit juice in the world and is popular among both adults... more Apple juice is the second most consumed fruit juice in the world and is popular among both adults and children with its unique taste. The raw apple juice obtained after juicing is treated with enzymes to remove suspended solids that clog filters, slow production and cause cloudiness in the juice, and hydrolyze the molecules that cause cloudiness. Enzymatic treatment can be applied as a hot method (1 to 2 hours at 40-55 °C) or a cold method (6 to 8 hours at 20-25 °C). In this study, it was aimed to determine the optimum temperature, optimum enzyme concentration and enzyme application time within the temperature range of the hot method, which is known to be more advantageous by using pectinase and aminoglycosidase enzyme mixture. The objective of enzymatic clarification of fruit juice is to provide a rapid, easy and economic filtration quality to fruit juices, to prevent subsequent turbidity, and to prevent gel formation during concentration by breaking down pectin. In this study, we examined the clarification of the juice obtained from Granny Smith apples grown in Kosovo with a commercially available pectinase and aminoglycosidase enzyme mixture. In our research, two enzymes responsible for the breakdown of pectin and starch, pectinase and amylase, were used to clarify apple juice. The most suitable enzyme mixture ratio and the working temperature of the enzymes were optimized by mixing different ratios of pectinase and amylase enzymes. The viscosity, pH change, Total Acidity, density, turbidity test, brix, starch and pectin analysis of the apple juice clarified under the determined optimum conditions were performed. When the data obtained was examined, it was determined that the best results were obtained in apple juice incubated for 1 hour and 30 minutes at 55 °C with an enzyme concentration of 0.1/0.12 g/L and the percentage of clarity was 78.94%. The results showed that when pectinase and aminoglycosidase enzymes were used in combination for juice clarification, the clarity level in apple juice increased significantly. This can be applied to the clarification of other fruit juices.
Environment and Ecology Research, 2024
This study consists of minimizing the pollution effects of the recycling industry through the app... more This study consists of minimizing the pollution effects of the recycling industry through the application of new duplex systems, which could be used for the purification and regeneration of the gases in smelting scrap. In the first phase, the process of recovering thermal energy from the scrap melting process will be based on creating a thermal profile and managing furnace zones, whose theoretical profile will be based on thermal analysis data. The previous preparation of the filling would be based on the data of the chemical analysis of the smelting products and process gases and the chemical and granulometric analysis of the flux and coke. In the second phase, the ratio of CO2: CO in the process gases will be regulated, which is the most important indicator of the effectiveness of waste recycling through the scrap melting process. Industries, especially those for energy generation and recycling, due to outdated technological schemes, improper management of industrial waste resulted in a lower level of utilization of natural resources and energy and a high level of environmental pollution. According to the results of this study, minimization of environmental pollution and problems related to the efficiency of the process would be possible between the integration of gas cleaning equipment in CSC systems and/or the application of SCHACK systems. The application of this system would enable the minimization of pollution from greenhouse gases (CO, CO2, NOx, SO2, etc.) and their return to the process will guarantee energy recovery and generally improved process efficiency. According to this pilot project, the gases that are released from the process of melting waste from the scrap in the cupola furnace of the "E&E" foundry are taken at a height of 3.6 m, from areas where their temperature is between 800-1000oC and through the SCHACK systemthey are returned in the coke burning area. Our study program is focused on the research of technological possibilities that would enable the minimization of the polluting effects of the scrap recycling industry in the cupola furnace, between gas purification from particles and dust, and their return to the process.
Environment and Ecology Research, 2024
Water resources are threatened by water scarcity, making it crucial for households to play a sign... more Water resources are threatened by water scarcity, making it crucial for households to play a significant role in conserving water to ensure its sustainability. This study aims to identify the preferences of households regarding domestic water conservation. The research followed the PRISMA 2020 review protocol and utilized the Scopus and Web of Science databases to conduct a systematic literature review. It is reflecting advancements in methodology for identifying, selecting, evaluating, and synthesizing related articles. Through thematic analysis, the study identified ten main themes, including: water-saving technologies, water conservation initiatives, households' characteristics, psychological factors, media influence, reduction in water usage, reduction in households' water demand, environmental protection, compliance with water conservation policies, and cost savings, with a total of 14 sub-themes. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding households' preferences in domestic water conservation to develop effective water-saving programs for future action plans and to provide necessary information for stakeholders. As a result, this study aims to provide policymakers and stakeholders with ideas and proposals for developing ways to boost community participation in water conservation activities. Aside from that, the systematic review recommended that more research be conducted on households' preferences for water conservation in Middle Eastern, Central Asian, and Southeast Asian nations. As a result, it is vital to research families' preferences for water conservation to understand their willingness to change their water usage habits and what alternatives they would explore if water conservation programs were implemented in their area.
Environment and Ecology Research, 2024
The circular economy is crucial for EU countries, addressing environmental challenges and resourc... more The circular economy is crucial for EU countries, addressing environmental challenges and resource limitations. Transitioning to this model aims to disconnect economic growth from resource consumption, reducing degradation and fostering sustainability. Circular principles like waste reduction and resource efficiency benefit the environment and economy. They also ensure resilience against resource scarcity, which is crucial for long-term viability. This study examines the impact of the real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, municipal waste generated, renewable energy sources, research and experimental development, and material footprint on resource productivity in EU countries (as a variable that measures the impact rate of the circular economy and environmental protection). Data proceedings in this study are time series indicators, with an annual frequency of 2000 – 2022. The statistical approach in the panel data model is used to find statistical significance, direct on-driven fixed factors, etc. Factors such as the previous value of resource productivity (which has the highest elasticity), real gross domestic product per capita, and municipal waste generation demonstrate a positive and statistically significant influence on the circular economy in the EU. Conversely, the material footprint factor shows a positive and statistically significant impact. The model indicates that all variables have maintained a stable territorial impact on resource productivity within each EU country. EU countries should advance to circular economy policies toward climate change requirements and environmental protection, focusing on waste management and minimizing waste generation.
Environment and Ecology Research, 2024
A study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals concentration l... more A study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals concentration level in Tasik Chini water. The sampling waters were analysed according to standard methods and procedures. The analysis of metals concentration was done using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry). The DOE-WQI (Department of Environment Water Quality Index) framework and multivariate statistical methods were adopted in order to determine the spatial variations of water quality variables, levels of water pollution and contamination sources. The study results were compared with classification based on National Water Quality Standard (NWQS) for Malaysia. Results revealed that the dissolved oxygen (DO) value was low (4.68 mg/L), while the value of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) was high, 26.10 mg/L, 2.92 mg/L and 22.93 mg/L respectively. High turbidity was recorded in mining area (35.76 NTU) in wet season. The DOE-WQI value classified the lake from slightly polluted (class II) to polluted (class III) by anthropogenic activities. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to evaluate the correlation of each element and the major sources of contamination in the lake. Cluster analysis (CA) grouped the ten monitoring stations into three clusters of pollution levels based on similarities in water quality variables. The average concentration of heavy metals in the Tasik Chini water was low pollution levels. This study quantified that the important factors affecting these metal concentrations in lake water were the mining operations and the impact of rainy season. Therefore, this research could be valuable in providing accurate data as baseline information for future references.
Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2024
This paper explores the operational efficiency of a local passenger railway service, focusing on ... more This paper explores the operational efficiency of a local passenger railway service, focusing on commuters' perceptions in an informal settlement in the City of Tshwane municipality, located in the Gauteng province in South Africa. Railway transportation is vital to South Africa's primary transportation network; however, the network faces significant challenges, including a decline in traffic volume, ageing rolling stock, outdated technologies, and deteriorating infrastructure. These issues have particularly impacted the local passenger railway service in the research area, leading to reduced operational efficiency and a decline in ridership due to commuter dissatisfaction, especially among rural areas reliant on the railway for transportation. This paper aims to provide insights into a local passenger railway service’s operational efficiency by engaging with its commuters to enhance ridership. This research employed an explanatory mixed-method questionnaire to assess commuter satisfaction, perceptions, and needs regarding the local railway’s service efficiency. The analysis focused on satisfaction levels with specific service quality attributes and the dispersion of data around the mean. Findings indicated a general dissatisfaction among participants and identified key service attributes affecting operational efficiency that require improvement, including effectiveness, reliability, efficiency, safety, comfort, accessibility, crowding, information provision, and alternative travel modes during service disruptions. However, findings should be contextually validated when applied to different scenarios. In conclusion, it is critical to constantly enhance these aspects to maintain existing riders and draw new ones.
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Papers by Horizon Research Publishing(HRPUB) Kevin Nelson
topological space through a semi totally continuous action. It is shown that any map from a topological group to the quotient group of a finite Hausdorff topological group by the isotropy group is surjective, continuous, open and it has been proven that any map from the quotient group of a finite Hausdorff
topological group by the isotropy group to the homogenous space is both H-isomorphism and semi totally continuous. Furthermore, an equivariant map has been established between homogeneous spaces and discussed the partial order relation on the family of all Hausdorff homogeneous spaces for a compact Hausdorff topological group. Subsequently, an induced S-topological transformation group is constructed by an induced H-action. For any compact subgroup K of a topological group H, it is verified t hat a ny m ap from the topological spcae Y to the orbit space of K-action is continuous and a K-map. For any H-space, K-map and an induced S-topological ransformation group; it is proved that there is a unique semi totally ontinuous H-map. Additionally, it is shown that for a topological group, a subgroup K of
topological group and a K-space, there is a unique H-space and a unique injective K-map and also it is established that for a H-space and a semi totally continuous K-map, there exists a unique semi totally continuous H-map. Finally, it is demonstrated that for a finite H ausdorff topological
group, finite Frechet space and a M-space, any map from the orbit space of M-action to H × (N × Y ) is semi totally continuous...
topological space through a semi totally continuous action. It is shown that any map from a topological group to the quotient group of a finite Hausdorff topological group by the isotropy group is surjective, continuous, open and it has been proven that any map from the quotient group of a finite Hausdorff
topological group by the isotropy group to the homogenous space is both H-isomorphism and semi totally continuous. Furthermore, an equivariant map has been established between homogeneous spaces and discussed the partial order relation on the family of all Hausdorff homogeneous spaces for a compact Hausdorff topological group. Subsequently, an induced S-topological transformation group is constructed by an induced H-action. For any compact subgroup K of a topological group H, it is verified t hat a ny m ap from the topological spcae Y to the orbit space of K-action is continuous and a K-map. For any H-space, K-map and an induced S-topological ransformation group; it is proved that there is a unique semi totally ontinuous H-map. Additionally, it is shown that for a topological group, a subgroup K of
topological group and a K-space, there is a unique H-space and a unique injective K-map and also it is established that for a H-space and a semi totally continuous K-map, there exists a unique semi totally continuous H-map. Finally, it is demonstrated that for a finite H ausdorff topological
group, finite Frechet space and a M-space, any map from the orbit space of M-action to H × (N × Y ) is semi totally continuous...