ObjectiveTo assess self-management in patients receiving glucocorticoid replacement therapy for p... more ObjectiveTo assess self-management in patients receiving glucocorticoid replacement therapy for primary or secondary adrenal failure before and 6 months after a glucocorticoid education group meeting.MethodsAll patients with primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency, treated at the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, were invited by their endocrinologist to participate in a 3-h glucocorticoid education group meeting, consisting of a lecture about the disease and glucocorticoid doses adjustments in case of stress, followed by an instruction on how to inject hydrocortisone i.m. Finally, all participants could practise the i.m. injection and discuss their experience with (imminent) adrenal crises with other patients and the health care providers. Two weeks before the meeting and 6 months after the meeting, patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire about how they would act in six different conditions (e.g. febrile illness or vomiting).ResultsOf the 405 patients who...
Dogs immunized with o-DNCP-BSA or eggs of Toxocara canis developed anaphylactic antibodies other ... more Dogs immunized with o-DNCP-BSA or eggs of Toxocara canis developed anaphylactic antibodies other than IgE. The antibodies were heat-resistant at 560C for 2 hours, not reduced by 2-mercaptoethanol and PCA and P-K reactivity was only observed at 3-4 h sensitized sites of recipient skin. High titres of antigen-specific IgGd were determined by means of an ELISA technique.
Allergen specific IgGd antibodies were detected by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ... more Allergen specific IgGd antibodies were detected by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 89% of the 62 atopic dogs studied. Antibodies were found most frequently against house dust (47%), human dander (50%), grass pollens (58%) and spring tree pollens (43%). These antibodies were also found in 11 of 20 dogs with atopic symptoms but without immediate skin test reactivity to inhalant allergens. Agreement between the presence of skin reactivity and allergen specific IgGd titres ranged from one of 14 for cat dander to 22 of 34 for house dust. Among dogs with atopic symptoms but without skin test reactivity and specific IgGd titres to the respective allergens, the agreement varied between 28 of 54 for human dander and 67 of 68 for cat dander. In view of the value of the dog as an experimental model of atopic disease in man, further studies of the pathophysiological significance of IgGd antibodies are warranted. In addition, reconsideration of the diagnostic criteria for canine atopic dermatitis, as done by in man, seems indicated.
Reactivity towards TCR peptides plays an important role in the regulation of several experimental... more Reactivity towards TCR peptides plays an important role in the regulation of several experimental autoimmune diseases. In a previous paper, we showed the TCRAV11 usage by an arthritogenic T cell clone isolated from a rat with adjuvant arthritis (AA). Moreover, we identified three immunogenic peptides in AV11: AV11 24-40, 41-55 and 66-80. In the present study, we show that T cells directed towards all three epitopes are part of the immune repertoire. The strongest delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction was observed against the peptide derived from the third framework region, peptide AV11 66-80. DTH reactions to this peptide were detectable in naive rats and increased significantly after AA induction. Interestingly, modulation of the AV11 66-80 T cell response by nasal AV11 66-80 administration resulted in reduced DTH responses and in a strong inhibition of AA. These findings suggest that during the natural course of AA, T cells directed towards the third framework region of AV11 do not have a disease regulatory function, but instead play a role in the deterioration of AA.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 1994
Immunization of Lewis rats with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) in mineral oil induce... more Immunization of Lewis rats with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) in mineral oil induces adjuvant arthritis (AA), associated with T cell responses to residues 180-188 of the mycobacterial 65-kDa heat shock protein (hsp65). Preimmunization with hsp65 protects rats against AA and other forms of arthritis. Several explanations for these protective effects have been proposed, including enhanced responsiveness to protective epitopes in hsp65, down-regulation of T cell responses to the 180-188 epitope, and activation of self-hsp60-reactive T cells. To assess the potential of these hypotheses, we analyzed hsp65 T cell epitopes recognized after immunization of Lewis rats with Mt or hsp65. Here we identify nine RT1.B1-restricted T cell epitopes in hsp65. Mt immunization induced T cell responses in which the 180-188 epitope was dominant, whereas hsp65 immunization resulted in a co-dominance of this and two further epitopes, 216-225 and 226-235. Two minor epitopes were recognized aft...
Zeitschrift für Immunitätsforschung. Immunobiology, 1978
The immunoglobulins IgA, IgM and IgG of the turkey were quantitated in individual serum samples a... more The immunoglobulins IgA, IgM and IgG of the turkey were quantitated in individual serum samples as well as in pooled sera. The variability of Ig levels in normal, healthy birds was quite high: IgA: mean value 0.633 mg/ml (4.0 -x - 2.5 -x); IgM: mean value 4.37 mg/ml (0.5 -x - 1.4 -x) and IgG: mean value 8.92 mg/ml (0.6 -x - 1.7 -x). Immunoglobulin levels in egg-yolk, egg-white, bile and some intraocular tissues were quantitated as well. An interesting finding was, that the forementioned variability was by far not so high with respect to IgG levels in 20 egg-yolk samples: mean value 5.1 mg/ml (0.86 x- - 1.17 -x). Though IgG and IgM could be detected in pooled turkey bile, IgA predominated in this secretion. In aqueous humor, iris tissue and vitreous body only IgG could be detected.
In twenty-five ovine body fluids (serum, lung fluid and cerebrospinal fluid), the concentrations ... more In twenty-five ovine body fluids (serum, lung fluid and cerebrospinal fluid), the concentrations of IgG1I, IgG2, IgM and IgA were determined by laser nephelometry and radial immunodiffusion (RID). When nephelometric assays are carried out, antisera free from any turbidity are essential. Methods ensuring that goat and rabbit anti-sera will satisfy this requirement are described in the present paper. When sheep immunoglobulins were measured by laser nephelometry, adequate and reproducible results were obtained, comparable with those obtained by RID. Advantages of the nephelometric method include the speed of assay and its sensitivity, allowing precise determination of the very low concentrations of immunoglobulins in CSF.
In 21 dogs with clinical features of German Shepherd dog Pyoderma (GSP) parameters of the specifi... more In 21 dogs with clinical features of German Shepherd dog Pyoderma (GSP) parameters of the specific and aspecific immune system have been examined. Chemotaxis and killing capacities of neutrophilic leucocytes were undisturbed, whereas in skin biopsies no specific immunoglobulin or complement deposits were found with immunofluorescence. With double immunodiffusion, antibodies against Gram-positive bacteria were found. In a laser nephelometric assay significantly elevated levels of IgG, IgGab, IgGd, IgM and bacterial components, associated and non-associated with circulating immune complexes, were detected. However, no relation was found with the disease state. It is concluded that dogs with GSP are immunologically normal reactors. A bacterial hypersensitivity reaction is hypothesized as a possible initiating factor in the pathogenesis of GSP.
Slappendel, R.J., Frielink, R.A.J., Mol, J.A., Noordzij, A. and Hamer, R., 1992. An enzyme-linked... more Slappendel, R.J., Frielink, R.A.J., Mol, J.A., Noordzij, A. and Hamer, R., 1992. An enzyme-linked immunosorhent assay (ELISA) for yon Willebrand factor antigen (vWf-Ag) in canine plasma. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 33:145-154. A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to measure canine von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf-Ag) in plasma of the dog. A vWf-Ag antiserum was raised in rabbits and purified by preabsorption with the low molecular weight vWf-Ag-deficient fraction of canine cryoprecipitate, followed by affinity chromatography on protein-A Sepharose. The rabbit anticanine vWf-Ag IgG was used to bind the vWf-Ag of the test plasmas to the solid phase and to prepare the enzyme-antibody conjugate in ELISA. Normal rat serum was used as blocking agent. The standard curve was linear (r2> 0.98) and reproducible after loot-log transformation. The interassay coefficient of variation (CV) in test plasmas with various vWf-Ag concentrations was never greater than 7.7%. Assayed values in dilutions of pooled normal canine plasma added to canine vWf-Agdeficient plasma were linear between 0 and 100% ( r 2 = 0.99 ) and indicated excellent analytical recovery of vWf-Ag. In 18 dogs with various internal diseases, including yon Willebrand's disease and haemophilia A, the coefficient of correlation between the results of the ELISA and those of electroimmunodiffusion (EID) was 0.93. ABBREVIATIONS EID, electroimmunodiffusion; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FWP, fixed washed platelets; PPP, platelet poor plasma; vWD, yon Willebrand's disease; vWf-Ag, yon Willebrand factor antigen.
Serum samples and immunoglobulin fraciions of eight mammalian species were applied to a Sepharose... more Serum samples and immunoglobulin fraciions of eight mammalian species were applied to a Sepharose-protein A column. As with the human immunoglobulin subclasses IgGl, lgG2 and IgG4, all examined animal IgG classes and subclasses were bound to a greater or lesser extent lo protein A. However, the binding of IgGl of ruminants was very poor. Polyclonal IgM and IgA of the pig, the dog and the cat may be separated in protein A reactive and protein A non-reaciive fractions. In addition, monoclonal canine IgM and IgA partially reacted with protein A. In combination with methods such as ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel-filtration, affinity chromatography with protein A is recommended for the rapid purification of certain Ig (sub)classes of a number of mammalian species.
The distribution of the immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA in turkey serum, bile, egg white, egg y... more The distribution of the immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA in turkey serum, bile, egg white, egg yolk, intestinal secretions, and some intraocular tissues has been studied. Just as in the chicken and the pigeon, IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the serum and IgA in egg white, intestinal secretions and bile. In addition, IgM was detected in serum and egg white, and IgG in egg yolk, iris, vitreous body, and aqueous humor. The discussion deals with the importance of using purified immunoglobulin fractions and heavy-chain-specific antisera in disease studies in the turkey, specially in the case of infectious diseases which lead to the occurrence of "rheumatoid factors".
Reactivity towards TCR peptides plays an important role in the regulation of several experimental... more Reactivity towards TCR peptides plays an important role in the regulation of several experimental autoimmune diseases. In a previous paper, we showed the TCRAV11 usage by an arthritogenic T cell clone isolated from a rat with adjuvant arthritis (AA). Moreover, we identified three immunogenic peptides in AV11: AV11 24-40, 41-55 and 66-80. In the present study, we show that T cells directed towards all three epitopes are part of the immune repertoire. The strongest delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction was observed against the peptide derived from the third framework region, peptide AV11 66-80. DTH reactions to this peptide were detectable in naive rats and increased significantly after AA induction. Interestingly, modulation of the AV11 66-80 T cell response by nasal AV11 66-80 administration resulted in reduced DTH responses and in a strong inhibition of AA. These findings suggest that during the natural course of AA, T cells directed towards the third framework region of AV11 do not have a disease regulatory function, but instead play a role in the deterioration of AA.
Pigeon IgA has been isolated from crop-milk and an antiserum was produced. Extracts of the dust i... more Pigeon IgA has been isolated from crop-milk and an antiserum was produced. Extracts of the dust in pigeon coops contained detectable amounts of pigeon IgA, but not IgG. The sera of patients with pigeon breeder's disease contained precipitating antibody against pigeon IgA.
ObjectiveTo assess self-management in patients receiving glucocorticoid replacement therapy for p... more ObjectiveTo assess self-management in patients receiving glucocorticoid replacement therapy for primary or secondary adrenal failure before and 6 months after a glucocorticoid education group meeting.MethodsAll patients with primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency, treated at the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, were invited by their endocrinologist to participate in a 3-h glucocorticoid education group meeting, consisting of a lecture about the disease and glucocorticoid doses adjustments in case of stress, followed by an instruction on how to inject hydrocortisone i.m. Finally, all participants could practise the i.m. injection and discuss their experience with (imminent) adrenal crises with other patients and the health care providers. Two weeks before the meeting and 6 months after the meeting, patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire about how they would act in six different conditions (e.g. febrile illness or vomiting).ResultsOf the 405 patients who...
Dogs immunized with o-DNCP-BSA or eggs of Toxocara canis developed anaphylactic antibodies other ... more Dogs immunized with o-DNCP-BSA or eggs of Toxocara canis developed anaphylactic antibodies other than IgE. The antibodies were heat-resistant at 560C for 2 hours, not reduced by 2-mercaptoethanol and PCA and P-K reactivity was only observed at 3-4 h sensitized sites of recipient skin. High titres of antigen-specific IgGd were determined by means of an ELISA technique.
Allergen specific IgGd antibodies were detected by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ... more Allergen specific IgGd antibodies were detected by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 89% of the 62 atopic dogs studied. Antibodies were found most frequently against house dust (47%), human dander (50%), grass pollens (58%) and spring tree pollens (43%). These antibodies were also found in 11 of 20 dogs with atopic symptoms but without immediate skin test reactivity to inhalant allergens. Agreement between the presence of skin reactivity and allergen specific IgGd titres ranged from one of 14 for cat dander to 22 of 34 for house dust. Among dogs with atopic symptoms but without skin test reactivity and specific IgGd titres to the respective allergens, the agreement varied between 28 of 54 for human dander and 67 of 68 for cat dander. In view of the value of the dog as an experimental model of atopic disease in man, further studies of the pathophysiological significance of IgGd antibodies are warranted. In addition, reconsideration of the diagnostic criteria for canine atopic dermatitis, as done by in man, seems indicated.
Reactivity towards TCR peptides plays an important role in the regulation of several experimental... more Reactivity towards TCR peptides plays an important role in the regulation of several experimental autoimmune diseases. In a previous paper, we showed the TCRAV11 usage by an arthritogenic T cell clone isolated from a rat with adjuvant arthritis (AA). Moreover, we identified three immunogenic peptides in AV11: AV11 24-40, 41-55 and 66-80. In the present study, we show that T cells directed towards all three epitopes are part of the immune repertoire. The strongest delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction was observed against the peptide derived from the third framework region, peptide AV11 66-80. DTH reactions to this peptide were detectable in naive rats and increased significantly after AA induction. Interestingly, modulation of the AV11 66-80 T cell response by nasal AV11 66-80 administration resulted in reduced DTH responses and in a strong inhibition of AA. These findings suggest that during the natural course of AA, T cells directed towards the third framework region of AV11 do not have a disease regulatory function, but instead play a role in the deterioration of AA.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 1994
Immunization of Lewis rats with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) in mineral oil induce... more Immunization of Lewis rats with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) in mineral oil induces adjuvant arthritis (AA), associated with T cell responses to residues 180-188 of the mycobacterial 65-kDa heat shock protein (hsp65). Preimmunization with hsp65 protects rats against AA and other forms of arthritis. Several explanations for these protective effects have been proposed, including enhanced responsiveness to protective epitopes in hsp65, down-regulation of T cell responses to the 180-188 epitope, and activation of self-hsp60-reactive T cells. To assess the potential of these hypotheses, we analyzed hsp65 T cell epitopes recognized after immunization of Lewis rats with Mt or hsp65. Here we identify nine RT1.B1-restricted T cell epitopes in hsp65. Mt immunization induced T cell responses in which the 180-188 epitope was dominant, whereas hsp65 immunization resulted in a co-dominance of this and two further epitopes, 216-225 and 226-235. Two minor epitopes were recognized aft...
Zeitschrift für Immunitätsforschung. Immunobiology, 1978
The immunoglobulins IgA, IgM and IgG of the turkey were quantitated in individual serum samples a... more The immunoglobulins IgA, IgM and IgG of the turkey were quantitated in individual serum samples as well as in pooled sera. The variability of Ig levels in normal, healthy birds was quite high: IgA: mean value 0.633 mg/ml (4.0 -x - 2.5 -x); IgM: mean value 4.37 mg/ml (0.5 -x - 1.4 -x) and IgG: mean value 8.92 mg/ml (0.6 -x - 1.7 -x). Immunoglobulin levels in egg-yolk, egg-white, bile and some intraocular tissues were quantitated as well. An interesting finding was, that the forementioned variability was by far not so high with respect to IgG levels in 20 egg-yolk samples: mean value 5.1 mg/ml (0.86 x- - 1.17 -x). Though IgG and IgM could be detected in pooled turkey bile, IgA predominated in this secretion. In aqueous humor, iris tissue and vitreous body only IgG could be detected.
In twenty-five ovine body fluids (serum, lung fluid and cerebrospinal fluid), the concentrations ... more In twenty-five ovine body fluids (serum, lung fluid and cerebrospinal fluid), the concentrations of IgG1I, IgG2, IgM and IgA were determined by laser nephelometry and radial immunodiffusion (RID). When nephelometric assays are carried out, antisera free from any turbidity are essential. Methods ensuring that goat and rabbit anti-sera will satisfy this requirement are described in the present paper. When sheep immunoglobulins were measured by laser nephelometry, adequate and reproducible results were obtained, comparable with those obtained by RID. Advantages of the nephelometric method include the speed of assay and its sensitivity, allowing precise determination of the very low concentrations of immunoglobulins in CSF.
In 21 dogs with clinical features of German Shepherd dog Pyoderma (GSP) parameters of the specifi... more In 21 dogs with clinical features of German Shepherd dog Pyoderma (GSP) parameters of the specific and aspecific immune system have been examined. Chemotaxis and killing capacities of neutrophilic leucocytes were undisturbed, whereas in skin biopsies no specific immunoglobulin or complement deposits were found with immunofluorescence. With double immunodiffusion, antibodies against Gram-positive bacteria were found. In a laser nephelometric assay significantly elevated levels of IgG, IgGab, IgGd, IgM and bacterial components, associated and non-associated with circulating immune complexes, were detected. However, no relation was found with the disease state. It is concluded that dogs with GSP are immunologically normal reactors. A bacterial hypersensitivity reaction is hypothesized as a possible initiating factor in the pathogenesis of GSP.
Slappendel, R.J., Frielink, R.A.J., Mol, J.A., Noordzij, A. and Hamer, R., 1992. An enzyme-linked... more Slappendel, R.J., Frielink, R.A.J., Mol, J.A., Noordzij, A. and Hamer, R., 1992. An enzyme-linked immunosorhent assay (ELISA) for yon Willebrand factor antigen (vWf-Ag) in canine plasma. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 33:145-154. A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to measure canine von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf-Ag) in plasma of the dog. A vWf-Ag antiserum was raised in rabbits and purified by preabsorption with the low molecular weight vWf-Ag-deficient fraction of canine cryoprecipitate, followed by affinity chromatography on protein-A Sepharose. The rabbit anticanine vWf-Ag IgG was used to bind the vWf-Ag of the test plasmas to the solid phase and to prepare the enzyme-antibody conjugate in ELISA. Normal rat serum was used as blocking agent. The standard curve was linear (r2> 0.98) and reproducible after loot-log transformation. The interassay coefficient of variation (CV) in test plasmas with various vWf-Ag concentrations was never greater than 7.7%. Assayed values in dilutions of pooled normal canine plasma added to canine vWf-Agdeficient plasma were linear between 0 and 100% ( r 2 = 0.99 ) and indicated excellent analytical recovery of vWf-Ag. In 18 dogs with various internal diseases, including yon Willebrand's disease and haemophilia A, the coefficient of correlation between the results of the ELISA and those of electroimmunodiffusion (EID) was 0.93. ABBREVIATIONS EID, electroimmunodiffusion; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FWP, fixed washed platelets; PPP, platelet poor plasma; vWD, yon Willebrand's disease; vWf-Ag, yon Willebrand factor antigen.
Serum samples and immunoglobulin fraciions of eight mammalian species were applied to a Sepharose... more Serum samples and immunoglobulin fraciions of eight mammalian species were applied to a Sepharose-protein A column. As with the human immunoglobulin subclasses IgGl, lgG2 and IgG4, all examined animal IgG classes and subclasses were bound to a greater or lesser extent lo protein A. However, the binding of IgGl of ruminants was very poor. Polyclonal IgM and IgA of the pig, the dog and the cat may be separated in protein A reactive and protein A non-reaciive fractions. In addition, monoclonal canine IgM and IgA partially reacted with protein A. In combination with methods such as ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel-filtration, affinity chromatography with protein A is recommended for the rapid purification of certain Ig (sub)classes of a number of mammalian species.
The distribution of the immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA in turkey serum, bile, egg white, egg y... more The distribution of the immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA in turkey serum, bile, egg white, egg yolk, intestinal secretions, and some intraocular tissues has been studied. Just as in the chicken and the pigeon, IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the serum and IgA in egg white, intestinal secretions and bile. In addition, IgM was detected in serum and egg white, and IgG in egg yolk, iris, vitreous body, and aqueous humor. The discussion deals with the importance of using purified immunoglobulin fractions and heavy-chain-specific antisera in disease studies in the turkey, specially in the case of infectious diseases which lead to the occurrence of "rheumatoid factors".
Reactivity towards TCR peptides plays an important role in the regulation of several experimental... more Reactivity towards TCR peptides plays an important role in the regulation of several experimental autoimmune diseases. In a previous paper, we showed the TCRAV11 usage by an arthritogenic T cell clone isolated from a rat with adjuvant arthritis (AA). Moreover, we identified three immunogenic peptides in AV11: AV11 24-40, 41-55 and 66-80. In the present study, we show that T cells directed towards all three epitopes are part of the immune repertoire. The strongest delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction was observed against the peptide derived from the third framework region, peptide AV11 66-80. DTH reactions to this peptide were detectable in naive rats and increased significantly after AA induction. Interestingly, modulation of the AV11 66-80 T cell response by nasal AV11 66-80 administration resulted in reduced DTH responses and in a strong inhibition of AA. These findings suggest that during the natural course of AA, T cells directed towards the third framework region of AV11 do not have a disease regulatory function, but instead play a role in the deterioration of AA.
Pigeon IgA has been isolated from crop-milk and an antiserum was produced. Extracts of the dust i... more Pigeon IgA has been isolated from crop-milk and an antiserum was produced. Extracts of the dust in pigeon coops contained detectable amounts of pigeon IgA, but not IgG. The sera of patients with pigeon breeder's disease contained precipitating antibody against pigeon IgA.
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Papers by A. Noordzij