Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition
 Umuna a panid ti Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition | |
| Pagilian | Estados Unidos |
|---|---|
| Pagsasao | Ingles a Britaniko |
Bilang ti pablaak | 11 |
| Suheto | Sapasap |
| Genre | ensiklopedia |
| Nangipablaak | Horace Everett Hooper |
Petsa a naipablaak | 1910–11 |
| Kita ti midia | Naimaldit ken Dihital |
| Inunaan babaen ti | Encyclopædia Britannica Tenth Edition |
| Sinaruno babaen ti | Encyclepædia Britannica Twelfth Edition |
| Teksto | Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition iti Wikisource |
Ti Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition (1910–11), ket ti maysa a 29 a tomo ti obra a reperensia, iti maysa nga edision ti Encyclopædia Britannica. Napadur-as daytoy idi las-ud ti transision ti ensiklopedia manipud iti pablaak a Britaniko iti maysa nga Amerikano. Sumagmamano kadagiti artikulona ket sinurat idi babaen dagiti kaaduan nga ammo nga eskolar iti dayta a panawen. Daytoy nga edision ti ensiklopedia, nga aglaon kadagiti 40,000 a naikabkabil, ket mabirukan itan iti dominio a publiko, ken adu kadagiti artikulona ket naus-usaren a kas maysa a batayan para kadagiti artikulo iti Wikipedia.[1] Nupay kasta, ti saanen a baro a kasasaad dagiti sumagmamano a linaon ket problematiko a panagusar a kas taudan para iti moderno nga panag-eskolar. Sumagmamano kadagiti artikulo ket addaan iti nangruna a pateg ken interesado kadagiti moderno nga eskolar a kas dagiti kultural nga artipakto iti maika-19 ken nasapa a maika-20 a siglo.
Pakaammo
[urnosen | urnosen ti taudan]
Ti maikasangapulo ket maysa nga edision idi 1911 ket naumnong iti panangimaton ti Amerikano a nga agipabpablaak a ni Horace Everett Hooper. Ni Hugh Chisholm, nga isu ti nagurnos iti dati nga edision, ken isu idi ti naidutok nga editor in chief, ken kakuyogna ni Walter Alison Phillips a kas kangrunaan a katakunaynay nga editor.[2]
Iti kasisigud, ginatang ni Hooper ti karbengan dagiti 25-tomo nga maika-9 nga edision ken inaw-awisna ti diario ti Britaniko iti The Times a mangipablaak iti naimaldit manen, nga agraman kadagiti sangapulo ket maysa a maipatinayon a tomo (dagup a 35 a tomo) a kas ti maikasangapulo nga edision, a naipablaak idi 1902. Nagsardeng ti pannakaikadua ni Hooper iti The Times idi 1909, ken nakitulag isuna iti Cambridge University Press a mangipablaak kadagiti 29-tomo a maikasangapulo ket maysa nga edision. Ngem kadawyan a naipampanunotan a pudno a Britaniko nga obra daytoy, ti maikasangapulo ket maysa nga edision ket addaan iti adu nga impluensia iti Amerikano, iti saan laeng a naipaadu a gatad iti linaon nga Amerikano ken Kanadiano, ngem dagiti pay naaramid a ganetget a mangaramid daytoy a popular.[3] Dagiti pamay-an pay iti panagtagilako nga Amerikano ket nalatulong kadagiti lako. Sumagmamano a 14% kadagiti kontributor (214 kadagiti 1507) ket nagtaud manipud iti Amianan nga Amerika, ken naipatakder ti opisina iti New York tapno agtutumpong dagiti obrada.[4]
Dagiti pangyababaan dagiti kontributor ti ensiklopedia ket agparang iti patingga dagiti napili nga artikulo wenno iti patingga ti maysa a seksion iti kaso dagiti at-atiddog nga artikulo, a kas iti Tsina, ken ti maysa a tulbek ket naited iti tunggal maysa a tomo kadagita a pangyababaan. Sumagmamano kadagiti artikulo ket sinurat babaen dagiti kaaduan nga ammo nga eskolar iti dayta a panawene, kas da Edmund Gosse, J. B. Bury, Algernon Charles Swinburne, John Muir, Peter Kropotkin, T. H. Huxley, James Hopwood Jeans ken William Michael Rossetti. Kadagiti saan unay nga ammo a kontributor ket dagitinto kanungpalan a mabigbig, kas da Ernest Rutherford ken Bertrand Russell. Adu kadagiti artikulo ket naal amanipud iti maika-9 nga edision, sumagmamano ti napabaro bassit. Sumagmamano kadagiti agatiddog iti libro nga artikulo ket nabingbingay kadagiti babbabassit a parte para iti nalaklaka a reperensia , ken dagiti dadduma met ket naipabassit. Dagiti kaaduan nga ammo a mannurat ket kadawyanda a nagkontribusion laeng iti bugbugtong nga artikulo wenno parte iti maysa nga artikulo. Kaaduan dagiti obra ket inaramid babaen dagiti agiwarwarnak, dagiti eskolar ti Museo Ti Britaniko ken dagiti dadduma nga eskolar. Ti edision ti 1911 ket isu idi ti immuna nga ensiklopedia a mangiraman iti ad-adu ngem bassit laeng a babbai a kontributor, ken adda dagiti 34 a babbai a nagparawad iti edision.[5]
Dagiti nagibasaran
[urnosen | urnosen ti taudan]- ^ Boyles, Denis (2016). Everything Explained That Is Explainable: On the Creation of the Encyclopaedia Britannica's Celebrated Eleventh Edition, 1910–1911. Knopf. pp. xi–x. ISBN 978-0-307-26917-1.
- ^ S. Padraig Walsh, Anglo-American general encyclopedias: a historical bibliography (1968), p. 49
- ^ "AuctionZip". AuctionZip. AuctionZip. Naala idi 4 April 2020.
- ^ Boyles (2016), p. 242.
- ^ Thomas, Gillian (1992). A Position to Command Respect: Women and the Eleventh Britannica. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-2567-8.
Adu pay a mabasbasa
[urnosen | urnosen ti taudan]- Boyles, Denis. Everything Explained That Is Explainable: On the Creation of the Encyclopaedia Britannica's Celebrated Eleventh Edition, 1910–1911 (2016), ISBN 0307269175, online a panagrepaso
Dagiti akinruar a silpo
[urnosen | urnosen ti taudan]
Libre, dagiti taudan ti dominio a publiko para iti teksto ti 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
[urnosen | urnosen ti taudan]- babaen ti HathiTrust
- Encyclopædia Britannica Maika-11 nga ed. 1911, dagiti agsisina a tono kadagiti nadumaduma a pormat, iti Internet Archive:
| Internet Archive – Dagiti arkibo ti Teksto Indibidual a Tomtomo | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Tomo | Manipud iti | Aginggana iti | |
| Volume 1 | A | Androphagi | |
| Volume 2 | Andros, Sir Edmund | Austria | |
| Volume 3 | Austria, Lower | Bisectrix | |
| Volume 4 | Bisharin | Calgary | |
| Volume 5 | Calhoun, John Caldwell | Chatelaine | |
| Volume 6 | Châtelet | Constantine | |
| Volume 7 | Constantine Pavlovich | Demidov | |
| Volume 8 | Demijohn | Edward the Black Prince | |
| Volume 9 | Edwardes, Sir Herbert Benjamin | Evangelical Association | |
| Volume 10 | Evangelical Church Conference | Francis Joseph I | |
| Volume 11 | Franciscans | Gibson, William Hamilton | |
| Volume 12 | Gichtel, Johann Georg | Harmonium | |
| Volume 13 | Harmony | Hurstmonceaux | |
| Volume 14 | Husband | Italic | |
| Volume 15 | Italy | Kyshtym | |
| Volume 16 | L | Lord Advocate | |
| Volume 17 | Lord Chamberlain | Mecklenburg | |
| Volume 18 | Medal | Mumps | |
| Volume 19 | Mun, Adrien Albert Marie de | Oddfellows, Order of | |
| Volume 20 | Ode | Payment of members | |
| Volume 21 | Payn, James | Polka | |
| Volume 22 | Poll | Reeves, John Sims | |
| Volume 23 | Refectory | Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin | |
| Volume 24 | Sainte-Claire Deville, Étienne Henri | Shuttle | |
| Volume 25 | Shuválov, Peter Andreivich | Subliminal self | |
| Volume 26 | Submarine mines | Tom-Tom | |
| Volume 27 | Tonalite | Vesuvius | |
| Volume 28 | Vetch | Zymotic diseases | |
| Volume 29 | Index | List of contributors | |
| Volume 1 of 1922 supp | Abbe | English History | |
| Volume 2 of 1922 supp | English Literature | Oyama, Iwao | |
| Volume 3 of 1922 supp | Pacific Ocean Islands | Zuloaga | |
| Reader's Guide – 1913 | |||
| Year-Book – 1913 | |||
- Ensiklopedia ti Project Gutenberg:
| Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Manipud idi 16 Disiembre 2014 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Seksion | Manipud iti | Aginggana iti | |
| Volume 1: | A | – | Androphagi |
| Volume 2.1: | Andros, Sir Edmund | – | Anise |
| Volume 2.2: | Anjar | – | Apollo |
| Volume 2.3: | Apollodorus | – | Aral |
| Volume 2.4: | Aram, Eugene | – | Arcueil |
| Volume 2.5: | Arculf | – | Armour, Philip |
| Volume 2.6: | Armour Plates | – | Arundel, Earls of |
| Volume 2.7: | Arundel, Thomas | – | Athens |
| Volume 2.8: | Atherstone | – | Austria |
| Volume 3.1: | Austria, Lower | – | Bacon |
| Volume 3.2: | Baconthorpe | – | Bankruptcy |
| Volume 3.3: | Banks | – | Bassoon |
| Volume 3.4: | Basso-relievo | – | Bedfordshire |
| Volume 3.5: | Bedlam | – | Benson, George |
| Volume 3.6: | Bent, James | – | Bibirine |
| Volume 3.7: | Bible | – | Bisectrix |
| Volume 4.1: | Bisharin | – | Bohea |
| Volume 4.2: | Bohemia | – | Borgia, Francis |
| Volume 4.3: | Borgia, Lucrezia | – | Bradford, John |
| Volume 4.4: | Bradford, William | – | Brequigny, Louis |
| Volume 4.5: | Bréquigny | – | Bulgaria |
| Volume 4.6: | Bulgaria | – | Calgary |
| Volume 5.1: | Calhoun | – | Camoens |
| Volume 5.2: | Camorra | – | Cape Colony |
| Volume 5.3: | Capefigue | – | Carneades |
| Volume 5.4: | Carnegie, Andrew | – | Casus Belli |
| Volume 5.5: | Cat | – | Celt |
| Volume 5.6: | Celtes, Konrad | – | Ceramics |
| Volume 5.7: | Cerargyrite | – | Charing Cross |
| Volume 5.8: | Chariot | – | Chatelaine |
| Volume 6.1: | Châtelet | – | Chicago |
| Volume 6.2: | Chicago, University of | – | Chiton |
| Volume 6.3: | Chitral | – | Cincinnati |
| Volume 6.4: | Cincinnatus | – | Cleruchy |
| Volume 6.5: | Clervaux | – | Cockade |
| Volume 6.6: | Cockaigne | – | Columbus, Christopher |
| Volume 6.7: | Columbus | – | Condottiere |
| Volume 6.8: | Conduction, Electric | – | |
| Volume 7.1: | Prependix | – | |
| Volume 7.2: | Constantine Pavlovich | – | Convention |
| Volume 7.3: | Convention | – | Copyright |
| Volume 7.4: | Coquelin | – | Costume |
| Volume 7.5: | Cosway | – | Coucy |
| Volume 7.6: | Coucy-le-Château | – | Crocodile |
| Volume 7.7: | Crocoite | – | Cuba |
| Volume 7.8: | Cube | – | Daguerre, Louis |
| Volume 7.9: | Dagupan | – | David |
| Volume 7.10: | David, St | – | Demidov |
| Volume 8.2: | Demijohn | – | Destructor |
| Volume 8.3: | Destructors | – | Diameter |
| Volume 8.4: | Diameter | – | Dinarchus |
| Volume 8.5: | Dinard | – | Dodsworth |
| Volume 8.6: | Dodwell | – | Drama |
| Volume 8.7: | Drama | – | Dublin |
| Volume 8.8: | Dubner | – | Dyeing |
| Volume 8.9: | Dyer | – | Echidna |
| Volume 8.10: | Echinoderma | – | Edward |
| Volume 9.1: | Edwardes | – | Ehrenbreitstein |
| Volume 9.2: | Ehud | – | Electroscope |
| Volume 9.3: | Electrostatics | – | Engis |
| Volume 9.4: | England | – | English Finance |
| Volume 9.5: | English History | – | |
| Volume 9.6: | English Language | – | Epsom Salts |
| Volume 9.7: | Equation | – | Ethics |
| Volume 9.8: | Ethiopia | – | Evangelical Association |
| Volume 10.1: | Evangelical Church Conference | – | Fairbairn, Sir William |
| Volume 10.2: | Fairbanks, Erastus | – | Fens |
| Volume 10.3: | Fenton, Edward | – | Finistère |
| Volume 10.4: | Finland | – | Fleury, Andre |
| Volume 10.5: | Fleury, Claude | – | Foraker, Joseph Henson |
| Volume 10.6: | Foraminifera | – | Fox, Edward |
| Volume 10.7: | Fox, George | – | France[p.775-p.894] |
| Volume 10.8: | France[p.895-p.929] | – | Francis Joseph I. |
| Volume 11.1: | Franciscians | – | French Language |
| Volume 11.2: | French Literature | – | Frost, William |
| Volume 11.3: | Frost | – | Fyzabad |
| Volume 11.4: | G | – | Gaskell, Elizabeth |
| Volume 11.5: | Gassendi, Pierre | – | Geocentric |
| Volume 11.6: | Geodesy | – | Geometry |
| Volume 11.7: | Geoponici | – | Germany[p.804-p.840] |
| Volume 11.8: | Germany[p.841-p.901] | – | Gibson, William |
| Volume 12.1: | Gichtel, Johann | – | Glory |
| Volume 12.2: | Gloss | – | Gordon, Charles George |
| Volume 12.3: | Gordon, Lord George | – | Grasses |
| Volume 12.4: | Grasshopper | – | Greek Language |
| Volume 12.5: | Greek Law | – | Ground-Squirrel |
| Volume 12.6: | Groups, Theory of | – | Gwyniad |
| Volume 12.7: | Gyantse | – | Hallel |
| Volume 12.8: | Haller, Albrecht | – | Harmonium |
| Volume 13.1: | Harmony | – | Heanor |
| Volume 13.2: | Hearing | – | Helmond |
| Volume 13.3: | Helmont, Jean | – | Hernosand |
| Volume 13.4: | Hero | – | Hindu Chronology |
| Volume 13.5: | Hinduism | – | Home, Earls of |
| Volume 13.6: | Home, Daniel | – | Hortensius, Quintus |
| Volume 13.7: | Horticulture | – | Hudson Bay |
| Volume 13.8: | Hudson River | – | Hurstmonceaux |
| Volume 14.1: | Husband | – | Hydrolysis |
| Volume 14.2: | Hydromechanics | – | Ichnography |
| Volume 14.3: | Ichthyology | – | Independence |
| Volume 14.4: | Independence, Declaration of | – | Indo-European Languages |
| Volume 14.5: | Indole | – | Insanity |
| Volume 14.6: | Inscriptions | – | Ireland, William Henry |
| Volume 14.7: | Ireland | – | Isabey, Jean Baptiste |
| Volume 14.8: | Isabnormal Lines | – | Italic |
| Volume 15.1: | Italy | – | Jacobite Church |
| Volume 15.2: | Jacobites | – | Japan (part) |
| Volume 15.3: | Japan (part) | – | Jeveros |
| Volume 15.4: | Jevons, Stanley | – | Joint |
| Volume 15.5: | Joints | – | Justinian I. |
| Volume 15.6: | Justinian II. | – | Kells |
| Volume 15.7: | Kelly, Edward | – | Kite |
| Volume 15.8: | Kite-flying | – | Kyshtym |
| Volume 16.1: | L | – | Lamellibranchia |
| Volume 16.2: | Lamennais, Robert de | – | Latini, Brunetto |
| Volume 16.3: | Latin Language | – | Lefebvre, Pierre François Joseph |
| Volume 16.4: | Lefebvre, Tanneguy | – | Letronne, Jean Antoine |
| Volume 16.5: | Letter | – | Lightfoot, John |
| Volume 16.6: | Lightfoot, Joseph Barber | – | Liquidation |
| Volume 16.7: | Liquid Gases | – | Logar |
| Volume 16.8: | Logarithm | – | Lord Advocate |
| Volume 17.1: | Lord Chamberlain | – | Luqmān |
| Volume 17.2: | Luray Cavern | – | Mackinac Island |
| Volume 17.3: | McKinley, William | – | Magnetism, Terrestrial |
| Volume 17.4: | Magnetite | – | Malt |
| Volume 17.5: | Malta | – | Map, Walter |
| Volume 17.6: | Map | – | Mars |
| Volume 17.7: | Mars | – | Matteawan |
| Volume 17.8: | Matter | – | Mecklenburg |
