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Fluorosurfactante

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Strutura skeletal del PFOS (perfluorooctansolfonato), un fluorosurfactante effective e bioacumulative.
Structura spatial del PFOS.

Fluorosurfactantes o per- o polyfluoroalkylate substantias (PFAS), son compositos chimic organofluorate synthetic tenente multiple fluor atomos. Son sovente qualificate de "polluentes eternal" (forever chemicals (FC) in anglese).

Se distingue compositos polyfluorate e perfluorate.[1][2]

Son plus effective pro abassar le tension superficial de aqua que comparabile surfactantes organic. Illos ha un "cauda" fluorate hydrophobe e un "capite" hydrophile.

Alcun fluorosurfactantes, como PFOS, son detectate in alimentos[3][4], humanes[5] e altere organismos vivente.

Typos

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Un database sul toxicitate del Agentia per le Protection del Ambiente de Statos Unite (EPA), DSSTox, lista 14'735 PFAS,[6] e PubChem usque circa 6 miliones.[7]

Exemplos de PFAS:[8][9][10]

  • PFOA acido perfluorooctanoic
  • PFOS perfluorooctansulfonato
  • PFBA acido perfluorobutanoic
  • PfHxA acido perfluoroesanoic
  • PFBS acido perfluorobutansulfonic
  • PFNA Perfluorononanoato de ammonio
  • C6O4 ammonio ((2,2,4,5-tetrafluoro-5-(trifluorometossi)-1,3-diossolan-4-il)ossi) difluoro acetato
  • GenX 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(eptafluoropropossi)-propanoato de ammonio
  • Cl-PFPE-CA Chloroperfluoropolyether carbossilato
  • PTFE o Polytetrafluoroethylene, cuje le Teflon AF.

Sanitate

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Un exposition recurrente e durabile al PFAS pote inducer un risco pro sanitate.[11]

Le prime studios in medio professional revelava nivellos importante de productos chimic fluorate, principalmente acido perfluorooctanesulfonic (PFOS) e acido perfluorooctanoic (PFOA, C8), in sanguine del operatores, ma sin detectar alcun effecto nocive, le dosas essente inferior al nivellos identificate como toxic o cancerogene in animales.[12]. Nonobstante, le contamination individual essente quasipermanente (semivita de elimination seric del PFAS inter 4 e 5 annos) e le contamination ambiental essente generalisate, un accumulation se produce in corpore human usque dosas potente esser nocive pro sanitate.[13]

Effectos potential sul sanitate human del exposition al PFAS.[14][15][16]

Referentias

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  1. ↑ OECD (2021). Reconciling Terminology of the Universe of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Recommendations and Practical Guidance. OECD Publishing.
  2. ↑ "A New OECD Definition for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances" (December 2021). Environmental Science & Technology 55 (23): 15575–15578. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c06896. PMID 34751569. Bibcode: 2021EnST...5515575W. 
  3. ↑ https://www.rtbf.be/article/pollution-aux-pfas-les-habitants-des-communes-concernees-invites-a-ne-pas-consommer-oeufs-et-legumes-produits-localement-un-numero-vert-active-11284620
  4. ↑ https://www.lyoncapitale.fr/actualite/des-polluants-eternels-detectes-dans-les-oeufs-de-12-communes-de-la-metropole-de-lyon
  5. ↑ https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/auvergne-rhone-alpes/haute-savoie/enquete-polluants-eternels-du-pfoa-detecte-dans-le-sang-des-habitants-de-rumilly-en-haute-savoie-2880197.html
  6. ↑ PFAS structures in DSSTox (update August 2022). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Recuperate le 2022-10-21. "List consists of all DTXSID records with a structure assigned, and using a set of substructural filters based on community input."
  7. ↑ NBCI:PubChem Classification Browser – PFAS and Fluorinated Compounds in PubChem Tree.
  8. ↑ https://www.aulss8.veneto.it/nodo.php/3440%7Ctitolo=Azienda ULSS 8 Berica: Pfas - Sostanze Perfluroalchiliche
  9. ↑ PFAS - Regione del Veneto.
  10. ↑ Sostanze perfluoroalchiliche (PFAS) - ECHA. Recuperate le 17 agosto 2022-08-17.
  11. ↑ https://www.auvergne-rhone-alpes.ars.sante.fr/mieux-comprendre-les-pfas-leurs-effets-les-textes-applicables#:~:text=Les%20compos%C3%A9s%20PFAS,aux%20fortes%20chaleurs%20et%20imperm%C3%A9abilisantes.
  12. ↑ Le sulfonate de perfluorooctane (SPFO), ses sels et ses précurseurs – fiche d’information ; Governamento canadian, 2006.
  13. ↑ Alexandre-Reza Kokabi (2020-05-19). Téflon : les molécules toxiques « s’incrustent partout, jusqu’aux tréfonds de l’Arctique ». Reporterre.
  14. ↑ Emerging chemical risks in Europe — 'PFAS'. European Environment Agency (2019).
  15. ↑ (2016) "Some Chemicals Used as Solvents and in Polymer Manufacture", IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 110. 
  16. ↑ "Analysis of PFOA in dosed CD-1 mice. Part 2. Disposition of PFOA in tissues and fluids from pregnant and lactating mice and their pups" (June 2009). Reproductive Toxicology 27 (3–4): 365–372. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.02.012. PMID 19429407. 
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