越麓锟斤拷院锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫伙拷学知识锟姐精锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� - 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷浔筹拷锟叫家斤拷

锟斤拷锟叫伙拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞的凤拷锟斤拷

1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞ｏ拷锟角讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷桑锟紽2锟斤拷O2锟斤拷H2锟斤拷Cl2
2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉：一锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷桑锟紿e锟斤拷Ne,Ar,Kr,Xe
3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤：锟解化锟斤拷佣啵篐2S锟斤拷HCl锟斤拷H3P,HF锟斤拷HBr锟斤拷HI

02

锟斤拷锟叫伙拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷色

(一)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴�

1锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟藉：铜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
2锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟藉：锟斤拷式碳锟斤拷铜
3锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟藉：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铜锟斤拷锟斤拷
4锟斤拷锟较猴拷色锟斤拷锟藉：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�
5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟藉：锟斤拷锟�
6锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟藉：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞�
7锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟藉：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷镁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺斤拷锟斤拷
8锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟藉：锟斤拷锟桔ｏ拷木炭锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(碳锟节ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷炭)
9锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴拷锟斤拷澹猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�
10锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟藉：锟饺伙拷锟狡ｏ拷碳锟斤拷锟狡ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡ｏ拷碳锟斤拷疲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷疲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷祝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫�

(锟斤拷)锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴�

11锟斤拷锟斤拷色液锟藉：水锟斤拷双锟斤拷水
12锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铜锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟饺伙拷铜锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铜锟斤拷液
13锟斤拷浅锟斤拷色锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液
14锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液
15锟斤拷锟较猴拷色锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭�
16锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷液锟斤拷石锟斤拷锟斤拷液

(锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴�

17锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟藉：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
18锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟藉：锟斤拷锟斤拷
19锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟藉：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟津，碉拷锟斤拷锟藉。

03

锟斤拷锟叫伙拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥憋拷锟�

(一)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接碉拷

1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接的ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡癸拷锟藉，锟饺伙拷锟狡ｏ拷锟饺伙拷镁锟斤拷浓锟斤拷锟斤拷;
2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节革拷水锟斤拷应锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接的ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铜;
3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷应锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接的ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷;

(锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫碉拷

1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节挥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫的ｏ拷浓锟斤拷锟结，浓锟斤拷锟结，锟狡撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵ｏ拷浓锟斤拷水;
2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节风化锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫的ｏ拷碳锟斤拷锟狡撅拷锟藉。

04

锟斤拷锟叫伙拷学锟斤拷锟绞的硷拷锟斤拷

(一)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷募锟斤拷锟�

1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角碉拷木锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瓶锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷木锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷.
2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺硷拷锟斤拷澹拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟叫★拷毡锟斤拷锟斤拷鄄毂拷锟斤拷欠锟斤拷锟剿拷危锟斤拷锟斤拷毡锟斤拷械锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞拷锟剿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷.
3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷嵌锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教�.
4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷湿锟斤拷锟斤拷虾锟缴拷锟斤拷锟街斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟�.
5锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷铜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿拷锟斤拷锟�.

(锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接的硷拷锟斤拷.

6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟轿硷拷锟斤拷色石锟斤拷锟斤拷液/锟斤拷锟斤拷锌锟斤拷
7锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷酞锟斤拷液/锟斤拷锟斤拷铜锟斤拷液
8锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷樱锟较★拷锟斤拷锟酵筹拷锟斤拷锟绞拷锟剿�
9锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷稀锟斤拷锟结，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
10锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷樱锟斤拷锟斤拷岜碉拷锟揭猴拷锟较★拷锟斤拷锟�/锟饺滴硷拷稀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫碉拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷
11锟斤拷铵革拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺ｏ拷锟斤拷湿锟斤拷暮锟缴拷锟斤拷锟街斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷怨芸锟�
12锟斤拷铜锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟轿硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铜锟斤拷锟斤拷
13锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟轿硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

(锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

14锟斤拷锟斤拷渭锟斤拷锟絅aOH锟角凤拷锟斤拷锟�:锟轿硷拷稀锟斤拷锟结，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�
15锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷石锟斤拷锟轿硷拷稀锟斤拷锟结，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷石
16锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷NaOH锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟斤拷NaCl锟斤拷锟饺滴硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷稀锟斤拷锟结，锟劫滴硷拷AgNO3锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷NaCl锟斤拷

05

锟斤拷锟叫伙拷学之锟斤拷

1锟斤拷锟揭癸拷锟脚达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟秸ｏ拷锟斤拷纸锟斤拷锟狡ｏ拷锟秸达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷应锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵ｏ拷锟斤拷炸锟斤拷燃锟秸ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷微锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷原锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟接★拷
4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷樱锟皆拷樱锟斤拷锟斤拷印锟�
5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷牍癸拷傻锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟斤拷锟�
(1)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷碳元锟截猴拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷傻锟�;
(2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟缴讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟接癸拷锟缴碉拷;
(3)锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷碳原锟接猴拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟接癸拷锟缴的★拷
6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟接碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷微锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟接★拷
7锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿拷锟饺撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆拷锟�(1)锟斤拷业锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚放ｏ拷(2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚凤拷
(3)农药锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷施锟斤拷
8锟斤拷锟秸硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟杰度比匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�)锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟杰度比匡拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷
9锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截恒定锟缴碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥变：原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁不锟戒，原锟斤拷锟斤拷目锟斤拷锟戒，原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒。
10锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷杀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷址锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷剩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芗锟斤拷锟斤拷谋锟斤拷露锟�(锟斤拷锟竭或降碉拷)锟斤拷

11锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街解反应锟杰凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷叱锟斤拷锟�
12锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟较ｏ拷N锟斤拷P锟斤拷K
13锟斤拷锟脚放碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷染锟斤：一锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铩�
14锟斤拷燃锟秸凤拷锟阶癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷剩锟矫撅拷锟斤拷锟侥咎匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷水)锟斤拷
15锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫匡拷燃锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷原锟皆碉拷锟斤拷锟绞ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷
16锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫匡拷燃锟皆碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷碳(锟叫讹拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷
17锟斤拷CO锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街伙拷学锟斤拷锟绞ｏ拷锟斤拷燃锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷原锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟皆★拷
18锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺硷拷希锟矫猴拷锟绞拷停锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟�(全为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�)
19锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街猴拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
20锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

21锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤：锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷锟斤拷炭锟斤拷石锟斤拷石锟斤拷
22锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷强锟结：锟斤拷锟结，锟斤拷锟结，锟斤拷锟结。
23锟斤拷浓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷裕锟斤拷锟剿拷裕锟斤拷锟剿拷裕锟角匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷浴锟�
24锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶称ｏ拷锟斤拷睿拷占睿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷啤锟�
25锟斤拷锟斤拷式碳锟斤拷铜锟斤拷锟饺分斤拷锟斤拷锟缴碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤：锟斤拷锟斤拷铜锟斤拷水(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷
26锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷取CO2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞ｏ拷锟斤拷锟结，浓锟斤拷锟结，碳锟斤拷锟狡★拷
27锟斤拷锟狡撅拷锟狡碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥：锟斤拷锟芥，锟斤拷锟芥，锟斤拷锟侥★拷
28锟斤拷使锟矫酒撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷止锟斤拷燃锟脚的碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接酒撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷止锟矫酒撅拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷燃锟斤拷一只锟狡撅拷锟狡ｏ拷锟斤拷止锟斤拷锟届吹锟斤拷凭锟斤拷啤锟�
29锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节达拷锟斤拷锟结纯锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟借、锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷转锟斤拷
30锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷瞬锟斤拷锟斤拷械锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(1)锟姐倒锟斤拷液时锟秸憋拷锟节斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结靠锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷纸锟斤拷一锟剿ｏ拷(3)漏锟斤拷锟铰端管口斤拷锟斤拷锟秸憋拷锟节壁★拷

31锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟借：锟斤拷锟姐，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰解。
32锟斤拷浓锟斤拷稀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟借：锟斤拷锟姐，锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟杰解。
33锟斤拷浓锟斤拷稀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷筒锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
34锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟饺碉拷锟斤拷锟绞ｏ拷浓锟斤拷锟结，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡ｏ拷锟斤拷石锟揭★拷
35锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟皆伙拷锟角碉拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷纸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴撅拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街斤拷锟皆碉拷锟�
36锟斤拷取锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟津：诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街接达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟窖鼻孔凑碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚碉拷锟斤拷味锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫筹拷锟轿何碉拷味锟斤拷锟斤拷
37锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋动顺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷澹�
(1)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷越锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷液锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟斤拷失去锟斤拷锟接憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷樱锟斤拷锟斤拷幕疃拷跃锟皆角�;
(2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷慕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷没锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�;
(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷慕锟斤拷锟斤拷馨锟斤拷锟斤拷诤锟斤拷锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟矫伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
38锟斤拷锟铰度对癸拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷鹊锟接帮拷欤�
(1)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷芙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰度碉拷锟斤拷锟竭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
(2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟杰斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷露锟接帮拷锟戒化锟斤拷锟斤拷
(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟杰斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷露鹊锟斤拷锟斤拷叨锟斤拷锟叫★拷锟�
39锟斤拷影锟斤拷锟杰斤拷锟劫度碉拷锟斤拷锟截ｏ拷(1)锟铰度ｏ拷(2)锟角凤拷锟斤拷锟�(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷拇锟叫�
40锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷剩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

41锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷状态锟斤拷锟斤拷态锟斤拷液态锟斤拷锟斤拷态锟斤拷
42锟斤拷影锟斤拷锟杰斤拷鹊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷兀锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷剩锟斤拷芗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷剩锟斤拷露取锟�

06

锟斤拷锟叫伙拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟缴凤拷

1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(N2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(O2)
2锟斤拷水煤锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷碳(CO)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(H2)
3锟斤拷煤锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷碳(CO)
4锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(CH4)
5锟斤拷石锟斤拷石/锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷(CaCO3)
6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷/锟街ｏ拷(Fe)
7锟斤拷木炭/锟斤拷炭/炭锟斤拷/锟斤拷锟斤拷炭锟斤拷(C)
8锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解：(Fe2O3)

07

锟斤拷锟叫伙拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶筹拷

1锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷(NaCl)锟斤拷食锟斤拷
2锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷(Na2CO3)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋，锟秸打，口硷拷
3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(NaOH)锟斤拷锟斤拷睿拷占睿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�
4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(CaO)锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷
5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(Ca(OH)2)锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟揭ｏ拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷
6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷(CO2)锟斤拷锟缴憋拷
7锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(HCl)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
8锟斤拷锟斤拷式碳锟斤拷铜(Cu2(OH)2CO3)锟斤拷铜锟斤拷
9锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铜锟斤拷锟斤拷(CuSO4.5H2O)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
10锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(CH4)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
11锟斤拷锟揭达拷(C2H5OH)锟斤拷锟狡撅拷
12锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(CH3COOH)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
13锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(H2O2)锟斤拷双锟斤拷水
14锟斤拷锟斤拷(Hg)锟斤拷水锟斤拷
15锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(NaHCO3)锟斤拷小锟秸达拷

08

锟斤拷锟绞的筹拷锟斤拷

1锟斤拷CO2(CO)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铜锟斤拷
2锟斤拷CO(CO2)锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液
3锟斤拷H2(水锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷通锟斤拷浓锟斤拷锟斤拷/通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡癸拷锟斤拷
4锟斤拷CuO(C):锟节匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟秸伙拷锟斤拷锟�
5锟斤拷Cu(Fe):锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷稀锟斤拷锟斤拷
6锟斤拷Cu(CuO):锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷稀锟斤拷锟斤拷
7锟斤拷FeSO4(CuSO4):锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
8锟斤拷NaCl(Na2CO3):锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
9锟斤拷NaCl(Na2SO4):锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液
10锟斤拷NaCl(NaOH):锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
11锟斤拷NaOH(Na2CO3)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液
12锟斤拷NaCl(CuSO4)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液
13锟斤拷NaNO3(NaCl):锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液
14锟斤拷NaCl(KNO3):锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰硷拷
15锟斤拷KNO3(NaCl)锟斤拷锟斤拷却锟饺憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷
16锟斤拷CO2(水锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷通锟斤拷浓锟斤拷锟结。

09

锟斤拷学之

1锟斤拷未锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺硷拷锟斤拷锟紿2锟斤拷
2锟斤拷锟津单碉拷锟叫伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷CH4锟斤拷
3锟斤拷锟杰讹拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷H2锟斤拷
4锟斤拷锟斤拷苑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿2锟斤拷
5锟斤拷锟斤拷苑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿2O锟斤拷
6锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟戒化锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟接★拷
7锟斤拷PH=0时锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷强锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
PH=14时锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷强锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
8锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷缺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷N锟斤拷K锟斤拷P锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟截ｏ拷锟斤拷效锟竭的碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截★拷
9锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷硬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角斤拷锟绞拷锟�
10锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷
11锟斤拷锟截匡拷锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�
12锟斤拷锟截匡拷锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷慕锟斤拷锟皆拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�
13锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤含锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷堑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�
14锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤含锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆拷锟斤拷堑锟斤拷锟�
15锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷石燃锟斤拷锟斤拷煤锟斤拷石锟酵ｏ拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷
16锟斤拷锟轿成伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟截ｏ拷碳

10

锟叫关诧拷同

1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞拷锟绞拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷什锟酵拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿荚拷锟斤拷锟斤拷胁锟酵拷锟�
2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵钢碉拷锟斤拷锟杰诧拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷
3锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟酵讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟侥伙拷学锟斤拷锟绞诧拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟接癸拷锟缴诧拷同锟斤拷
(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵筹拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷学锟斤拷锟绞诧拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟接癸拷锟缴诧拷同;水锟斤拷双锟斤拷水锟侥伙拷学锟斤拷锟绞诧拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟接癸拷锟缴诧拷同锟斤拷)
4锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁不同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷
5锟斤拷元锟截伙拷锟较价诧拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷
6锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟接猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接的伙拷学锟斤拷锟绞诧拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同

11

锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

1锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟侥癸拷锟藉：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(NaNO2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铅锟斤拷;
2锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷液锟藉：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铜锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟阶达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Ba2+锟斤拷锟斤拷液(锟斤拷BaSO4);
3锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉：CO锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铩�

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实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡凤拷

1锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
2KMnO4=====2K2MnO4+MnO2+O2锟斤拷
2KClO3=======2KCl+3O2锟斤拷
2H2O2=======2H2O+O2锟斤拷
2锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
Zn+H2SO4===ZnSO4+H2锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷);Fe+H2SO4===FeSO4+H2锟斤拷
Mg+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2锟斤拷;2Al+3H2SO4==Al2(SO4)3+3H2锟斤拷
Zn+2HCl===ZnCl2+H2锟斤拷;Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2锟斤拷
Mg+2HCl===MgCl2+H2锟斤拷;2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2锟斤拷
4锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷CO2
CaCO3+2HCl==CaCl2+CO2锟斤拷+H2O