This is a simply Node.js REST application with checking permissions. The code with permissions check: keycloak-nodejs-example/app.js
Just go to the Quick Start Section, if you don't want to read.

This applications has REST API to work with customers, campaigns and reports. We will protect all endpoints based on permissions are configured using Keycloak.

The application will use a combination of (resource, scope) to check a permission. We will configure Keycloak to use polices are based on roles. For the application a combination of (resource, scope) is important only. We can configure Keycloak using something other than roles, without changing the application.

• Custom login without using Keycloak login page.
• Stateless Node.js server without using a session. Keycloak token is stored using cookies.
• A centralized middleware to check permissions. Routes are not described explicitly can't be accessed.
• Configuration without keycloak.json. It can be used to having configuration for multiple environments. For example — DEV, QA.
• Examples of using Keycloak REST API to create users, roles and custom attributes. It can be accessed from the application UI to work with users list.

1. Docker has to be installed in the system
2. Type in the console in a root of the project directory to run already configured Keycloak (with users, roles and scopes). Keycloak will need time to initialize a database schema and start (about 1 minute).

docker-compose up

3. Go to the Keycloak administration console http://localhost:8080/auth/admin/
4. Enter credentials (it was specified in the docker-compose.yml)

Username or email: admin 
Password: admin

5. After Sign in, CAMPAIGN_REALM has to be selected. Go to the Clients menu.

6. Choose CAMPAIGN_CLIENT in the Clients list.

7. Press on the Installation tab.

8. Choose Format Option: Keycloak OIDC JSON and click Download to download keycloak.json

9. Replace keycloak-nodejs-example\keycloak.json in the root of the project with the downloaded keycloak.json.

10. Run npm install in the project directory to install Node.js libraries

11. Run npm start to run node.js application

12. Login to the application using this URL http://localhost:3000/
    with any of these credentials:

• login: admin_user, password: admin_user
• login: advertiser_user, password: advertiser_user
• login: analyst_user, password: analyst_user

Download the last version of Keycloak (this example uses 3.2.1.Final) http://www.keycloak.org/downloads.html

Perform this steps to get MySQL configured for Keycloak: https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/server_installation/index.html#_rdbms-setup-checklist

Important: There is an error in the documentation — driver should be in the modules/system/layers/base/com/mysql/driver/main catalog.

The last MySQL driver https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java

<module xmlns="urn:jboss:module:1.3" name="com.mysql.driver">
 <resources>
  <resource-root path="mysql-connector-java-6.0.5.jar" />
 </resources>
 <dependencies>
  <module name="javax.api"/>
  <module name="javax.transaction.api"/>
 </dependencies>
</module>

You will need to create a keycloak schema in the MySQL database for this example. Also don't forget to remove existing java:jboss/datasources/KeycloakDS datasource.

<datasources>
...
<datasource jndi-name="java:jboss/datasources/KeycloakDS" pool-name="KeycloakDS" enabled="true" use-java-context="true">
<connection-url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/keycloak</connection-url>
    <driver>mysql</driver>
    <pool>
        <max-pool-size>20</max-pool-size>
    </pool>
    <security>
        <user-name>root</user-name>
        <password>root</password>
    </security>
</datasource>
...
</datasources>

<drivers>
...
<driver name="mysql" module="com.mysql.driver">
    <driver-class>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</driver-class>
</driver>
...
</drivers>

To fix time zone error during startup, connection-url can be jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/keycloak?serverTimezone=UTC

Database schema creation takes a long time.

Realm, Client and Polices configuration can be imported using this file: CAMPAIGN_REALM-realm.json

Users can be imported from this file: CAMPAIGN_REALM-users-0.json

You will need to select a file on the Add Realm page to import a realm . https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/server_admin/index.html#_create-realm

Users can be imported via Manage -> Import

Export and import is triggered at server boot time and its parameters are passed in via Java system properties. https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/server_admin/index.html#_export_import

1. Run server using standalone.sh (standalone.bat)

2. You should now have the Keycloak server up and running. To check that it's working open http://localhost:8080. You will need to create a Keycloak admin user: click on Administration Console http://localhost:8080/auth/admin/

// TODO When you boot Keycloak for the first time Keycloak creates a pre-defined realm for you. This initial realm is the master realm. It is the highest level in the hierarchy of realms. Admin accounts in this realm have permissions to view and manage any other realm created on the server instance. When you define your initial admin account, you create an account in the master realm. Your initial login to the admin console will also be via the master realm. https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/server_admin/index.html#the-master-realm

3. Create a CAMPAIGN_REALM realm https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/server_admin/index.html#_create-realm

4. Create realm roles: admin, customer-advertiser, customer-analyst https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/server_admin/index.html#realm-roles
   
   Noitice: Each client can have their own "client roles", scoped only to the client https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/server_admin/index.html#client-roles

5. Create users https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/server_admin/index.html#_create-new-user

Add these users:

• login: admin_user, password: admin_user
• login: advertiser_user, password: advertiser_user
• login: analyst_user, password: analyst_user

6. Add roles to users:

• admin_user — admin
• advertiser_user — customer-advertiser
• analyst_user — customer-analyst

7. Create an OIDC client CAMPAIGN_CLIENT https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/server_admin/index.html#oidc-clients

• Client ID: CAMPAIGN_CLIENT
• Client Protocol: openid-connect
• Access Type: Confidential
• Standard Flow Enabled: ON
• Implicit Flow Enabled: OFF
• Direct Access Grants Enabled: ON Important: it should be ON for the custom login (to provide login/password via this example application login page)
• Service Accounts Enabled: ON
• Authorization Enabled: ON Important: to add polices
• Valid Redirect URIs: http://localhost:3000/*. Keycloak will use this value to check redirect URL at least for logout. It can be just a wildcard *.
• Web Origins: *

Using Authorization -> Policies add role based polices to the CAMPAIGN_CLIENT https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/authorization_services/index.html#_policy_rbac

Aggregated Policy* This policy consist of an aggregation of other polices https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/authorization_services/index.html#_policy_aggregated

• Polycy name: Admin or Advertiser or Analyst
• Apply Policy: Admin, Advertiser, Analyst
• Decision Strategy: Affirmative

Using Authorization -> Authorization Scopes add scopes

• scopes:create
• scopes:view

Using Authorization -> Resources add resourcess. Scopes should be entered in the Scopes field for every resource.

Enter Rsource Name column value to the Name and Display Name fields

Using Authorization -> Permissions add scope-based permissions https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/authorization_services/index.html#_permission_create_scope

Set decision strategy for every permission

• Decision Strategy: Affirmative

10. Download keycloak.json using CAMPAIGN_CLIENT -> Installation : https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/securing_apps/index.html#_nodejs_adapter

1. Clone this project https://github.com/v-ladynev/keycloak-nodejs-example.git

2. Replace keycloak.json in the root of this project with downloaded keycloak.json.

3. Run npm install in the project directory to install Node.js libraries

4. npm start to run node.js application

5. Login to the application using this URL http://localhost:3000/

1. Add a user attribute customerId to the advanced_user
   https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/server_admin/index.html#user-attributes

2. Create a mapper and add customerId to ID token
   http://stackoverflow.com/a/32890003/3405171

3. customerId value will be in the decoded ID token

You shold have MySQL runing on localhost with KEYCLOAK_DEV database, and login=root password=root

sudo docker run --name keycloak_dev \
--network="host" \
-e MYSQL_PORT_3306_TCP_ADDR=localhost -e MYSQL_PORT_3306_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-e MYSQL_DATABASE=KEYCLOAK_DEV -e MYSQL_USERNAME=root -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=root \ 
-e KEYCLOAK_USER=admin -e KEYCLOAK_PASSWORD=admin \
jboss/keycloak-mysql 

This creates a Keycloak admin user with password admin. Keycloak will run on localhost:8080. You will need to add users, roles and permissions manually.

sudo docker run --name keycloak_dev \
--network="host" \
-e MYSQL_PORT_3306_TCP_ADDR=localhost -e MYSQL_PORT_3306_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-e MYSQL_DATABASE=KEYCLOAK_DEV -e MYSQL_USERNAME=root -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=root \
-e KEYCLOAK_USER=admin -e KEYCLOAK_PASSWORD=admin \
ladynev/keycloak-mysql-realm-users

This creates a Keycloak admin user with password admin. Keycloak will run on localhost:8080. It will already have predefined users, roles and permissions from this example, because of ladynev/keycloak-mysql-realm-users image imports this data from json files during start up.

1. First start a MySQL instance using the MySQL docker image:

   sudo docker run --name mysql \
   -e MYSQL_DATABASE=KEYCLOAK_DEV -e MYSQL_USER=keycloak -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=keycloak \
   -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root_password \
   -d mysql

2. Start a Keycloak instance and connect to the MySQL instance:

   sudo docker run --name keycloak_dev \
   --link mysql:mysql \
   -p 8080:8080 \
   -e MYSQL_DATABASE=KEYCLOAK_DEV -e MYSQL_USERNAME=keycloak -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=keycloak \
   -e KEYCLOAK_USER=admin -e KEYCLOAK_PASSWORD=admin \
   ladynev/keycloak-mysql-realm-users

This creates a Keycloak admin user with password admin and imports users, roles, permissions.

3. Get IP address of ladynev/keycloak-mysql-realm-users container

   sudo docker network inspect bridge

4. Keycloak will run on ip_address:8080. For example: http://172.17.0.3:8080 (for Windows it looks like http://192.168.99.100:8080)

5. To run keycloak-nodejs-example, it is need to fix keycloak.json with server IP-address. Other option is generatekeycloak.json with Keycloak UI CAMPAIGN_CLIENT -> Installation.

sudo docker build -t keycloak-mysql-realm-users ./docker/import_realm_users

After that new image can be tagged

docker tag keycloak-mysql-realm-users ladynev/keycloak-mysql-realm-users

and pushed to the docker

docker push ladynev/keycloak-mysql-realm-users

Keycloak, by default, uses an own page to login a user. There is an example, how to use an application login page. Direct Access Grants should be enabled in that case (https://github.com/v-ladynev/keycloak-nodejs-example#basic-configuration) The file app.js

 app.get('/customLoginEnter', function (req, res) {
     let rptToken = null
     keycloak.grantManager.obtainDirectly(req.query.login, req.query.password).then(grant => {
         keycloak.storeGrant(grant, req, res);
         renderIndex(req, res, rptToken);
     }, error => {
         renderIndex(req, res, rptToken, "Error: " + error);
     });
 });

To perform custom login we need to obtain tokens from Keycloak. We can do this by HTTP request:

curl -X POST \
  http://localhost:8080/auth/realms/CAMPAIGN_REALM/protocol/openid-connect/token \
  -H 'authorization: Basic Q0FNUEFJR05fQ0xJRU5UOjZkOTc5YmU1LWNiODEtNGQ1Yy05ZmM3LTQ1ZDFiMGM3YTc1ZQ==' \
  -H 'content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' \
  -d 'client_id=CAMPAIGN_CLIENT&username=admin_user&password=admin_user&grant_type=password'

authorization: Basic Q0FNUEFJR05fQ0xJRU5UOjZkOTc5YmU1LWNiODEtNGQ1Yy05ZmM3LTQ1ZDFiMGM3YTc1ZQ== is computed as

'Basic ' + btoa(clientId + ':' + secret);

where (they can be obtained from keycloak.json)

client_id = CAMPAIGN_CLIENT
secret = 6d979be5-cb81-4d5c-9fc7-45d1b0c7a75e

This is just an example, the secret can be different.

We will have, as a result, a response with access_token, refresh_token and id_token (The response has 2447 bytes length)

{
    "access_token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCIgOiAiSldUIiwia2lkIiA6ICJfT3B2Wm5lSkR3T0NqczZSZmFObjdIc0lKZmRhMWxfU0ZkYUo2SU1hV0k0In0.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.Qa2PXHhRs_JpMPHYYwKVcpb3kfHN8l6QUGCyWkIRhl6eoI6IlWu3FG11NOtuDhKn5DvKHdnpft9nK7W5b87WSHa5lXawm6Dcp4RLfD5WvK7W7yFceFGhvC8vuM8xXOhvWDbhnX1eP_Tanrpqs19nWbTjLQ2E8iFqzxnJ1PQNNDFL2BXQ3Y58jt0uwaebJnjIhU0Mpb0plTPaRbnMBNfsjfCurXXWN6MM0rVFAHEDDrrW0M3kKeVyDuq9PYvcDvedlETOlCx3Ss9DXtZY2u__qGfABk3aNbCuUtkn9xy-HYJLBUTZIpPW0ImBKM4-tM4tEzQLvb9b6P4iWYFsaQR08w",
    "expires_in": 300,
    "refresh_expires_in": 1800,
    "refresh_token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCIgOiAiSldUIiwia2lkIiA6ICJfT3B2Wm5lSkR3T0NqczZSZmFObjdIc0lKZmRhMWxfU0ZkYUo2SU1hV0k0In0.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.E46pp4oqM9o9Xa0d44YYzZ7fI61kB1KCDYksoXnUIw0Qbv67VoEWcloMKC2Lr6pmPeu6ptjkK6QJKjmoaeiFNcGHE7SoU5RTq0cyKjTFqg4GkTZuK-y0tk2ek-Beq64Zu69HzTfWGT0zSIDfd2l7EiEN8ptSCS-Tugsgmk1Snvrb2nC_1-U87qUFBR_qVryhwRk8Ie_AAwTVRWk5jATu5PPsLsCXqfM5_VVu-lc_qbOJaPeg1Ag2WXhE4lf_3BzVeRlgsxDr2EuzZG56O4Y6QeyV2J-XsZF2C7n3CcNPVXD42-MGB7Jhn5l2onl074JsJqhE6bzKB063jSf_wzyB4Q",
    "token_type": "bearer",
    "not-before-policy": 0,
    "session_state": "78da9ba2-4bdf-4e56-8184-47d1b814a0da"
}

if we decode access_token (using https://jwt.io/), we will have (there are roles in the token)

{
  "jti": "48349d95-763d-4954-83f3-54f3964cb854",
  "exp": 1509476280,
  "nbf": 0,
  "iat": 1509475980,
  "iss": "http://localhost:8080/auth/realms/CAMPAIGN_REALM",
  "aud": "CAMPAIGN_CLIENT",
  "sub": "5dc300c9-86c8-4995-b2b9-368f9049ba3f",
  "typ": "Bearer",
  "azp": "CAMPAIGN_CLIENT",
  "auth_time": 0,
  "session_state": "78da9ba2-4bdf-4e56-8184-47d1b814a0da",
  "acr": "1",
  "allowed-origins": [
    "*"
  ],
  "realm_access": {
    "roles": [
      "admin",
      "uma_authorization"
    ]
  },
  "resource_access": {
    "account": {
      "roles": [
        "manage-account",
        "manage-account-links",
        "view-profile"
      ]
    }
  },
  "preferred_username": "admin_user"
}

The file adminClient.js

• Realms list
• Users list for CAMPAIGN_REALM
• Create user test_user (password: test_user)
• Get user test_user
• Delete user test_user
• Update user test_user
• Set test_user customerId=123
• Remove test_user customerId
• Create Role TEST_ROLE
• Add TEST_ROLE to test_user
• Remove TEST_ROLE from test_user

Update the user
http://www.keycloak.org/docs-api/2.5/rest-api/index.html#_update_the_user

Using UserRepresentation, attributes field
http://www.keycloak.org/docs-api/2.5/rest-api/index.html#_userrepresentation

Obtaining Permissions
Resources, scopes, permissions and policies in keycloak

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12276046/nodejs-express-how-to-secure-a-url

Keycloak Admin REST API

Change Keycloak login page, get security tokens using REST
Obtain access token for user
Stop using JWT for sessions
Integrating Keycloak 4 with Spring Boot 2 Microservices
Video Keycloak intro part 2 - Resources, Permissions, Scope and Policies
Keycloak uses JSON web token (JWT) as a bearer token format. To decode such tokens: https://jwt.io/