(I don't think this idea is worth doing anytime soon but I want to get my ideas written down.)

I think it's possible to build a library that encapsulates ptrace and hides most of the nastiness. This library would be based around an object representing a single ptraced task. This object would expose a rich "current state" that describes the last known state of the task, i.e. one of

• Stopped in a signal stop (including signal number)
• Stopped in a syscall-entry stop
• Stopped in a syscall-exit stop
  ... etc ...
• Stopped in a task-exit stop
• Running freely
• Running in a system call (possibly blocked)
• Running to a task-exit stop (after we detect a task is dying due to unexpected SIGKILL)
• Running from a task-exit stop to zombie
• Reaped

State would only change when calling a cont() method to resume a stopped task or a wait() method to wait for a state change on a running task. We'd also have to have a mass-wait() API to wait for a state change in one of a whole group of running tasks.

The library would be responsible for hiding the complexity of tricky issues such as safe teardown of dying tasks (including ensuring correct order of waits when tearing down pid namespaces), tasks unexpectedly being kicked to PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT by SIGKILL (and how that can race with PTRACE_CONT), and (hopefully) the fiasco of task tid changes during execve(). It would encapsulate the WaitManager logic with its "SIGCHLD attention thread" for efficient multi-task waits.

Right now rr handles all these concerns with code that's spread through Task and its subclasses (particularly RecordTask). Putting this behind a strong API would simplify rr and be useful to other ptrace users. rr doesn't need it but for other users it would be cool if this was multithread-friendly.

Testing this library would be really hard so I think an aggressive and systematic approach would be needed. Ideally the entire kernel API surface used would be mocked so that unit tests can simulate a particular sequence of observed kernel states. Also you could simulate random valid kernel behaviors for testing. Currently I believe rr still intermittently hangs with pid namespace teardown in some cases; those bugs are super hard to diagnose with traditional testing and super duper hard to fix without regressing something else :-(.