src/db.cpp

// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-2014 The Bitcoin developers
// Distributed under the MIT/X11 software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#include "db.h"

#include "addrman.h"
#include "hash.h"
#include "protocol.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "utilstrencodings.h"

#include <stdint.h>

#ifndef WIN32
#include <sys/stat.h>
#endif

#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
#include <boost/thread.hpp>
#include <boost/version.hpp>

#include <openssl/rand.h>

using namespace std;
using namespace boost;


unsigned int nWalletDBUpdated;


//
// CDB
//

CDBEnv bitdb;

void CDBEnv::EnvShutdown()
{
    if (!fDbEnvInit)
        return;

    fDbEnvInit = false;
    int ret = dbenv.close(0);
    if (ret != 0)
        LogPrintf("CDBEnv::EnvShutdown : Error %d shutting down database environment: %s\n", ret, DbEnv::strerror(ret));
    if (!fMockDb)
        DbEnv(0).remove(path.string().c_str(), 0);
}

CDBEnv::CDBEnv() : dbenv(DB_CXX_NO_EXCEPTIONS)
{
    fDbEnvInit = false;
    fMockDb = false;
}

CDBEnv::~CDBEnv()
{
    EnvShutdown();
}

void CDBEnv::Close()
{
    EnvShutdown();
}

bool CDBEnv::Open(const boost::filesystem::path& pathIn)
{
    if (fDbEnvInit)
        return true;

    boost::this_thread::interruption_point();

    path = pathIn;
    filesystem::path pathLogDir = path / "database";
    TryCreateDirectory(pathLogDir);
    filesystem::path pathErrorFile = path / "db.log";
    LogPrintf("CDBEnv::Open : LogDir=%s ErrorFile=%s\n", pathLogDir.string(), pathErrorFile.string());

    unsigned int nEnvFlags = 0;
    if (GetBoolArg("-privdb", true))
        nEnvFlags |= DB_PRIVATE;

    dbenv.set_lg_dir(pathLogDir.string().c_str());
    dbenv.set_cachesize(0, 0x100000, 1); // 1 MiB should be enough for just the wallet
    dbenv.set_lg_bsize(0x10000);
    dbenv.set_lg_max(1048576);
    dbenv.set_lk_max_locks(40000);
    dbenv.set_lk_max_objects(40000);
    dbenv.set_errfile(fopen(pathErrorFile.string().c_str(), "a")); /// debug
    dbenv.set_flags(DB_AUTO_COMMIT, 1);
    dbenv.set_flags(DB_TXN_WRITE_NOSYNC, 1);
    dbenv.log_set_config(DB_LOG_AUTO_REMOVE, 1);
    int ret = dbenv.open(path.string().c_str(),
                     DB_CREATE     |
                     DB_INIT_LOCK  |
                     DB_INIT_LOG   |
                     DB_INIT_MPOOL |
                     DB_INIT_TXN   |
                     DB_THREAD     |
                     DB_RECOVER    |
                     nEnvFlags,
                     S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
    if (ret != 0)
        return error("CDBEnv::Open : Error %d opening database environment: %s\n", ret, DbEnv::strerror(ret));

    fDbEnvInit = true;
    fMockDb = false;
    return true;
}

void CDBEnv::MakeMock()
{
    if (fDbEnvInit)
        throw runtime_error("CDBEnv::MakeMock : Already initialized");

    boost::this_thread::interruption_point();

    LogPrint("db", "CDBEnv::MakeMock\n");

    dbenv.set_cachesize(1, 0, 1);
    dbenv.set_lg_bsize(10485760*4);
    dbenv.set_lg_max(10485760);
    dbenv.set_lk_max_locks(10000);
    dbenv.set_lk_max_objects(10000);
    dbenv.set_flags(DB_AUTO_COMMIT, 1);
    dbenv.log_set_config(DB_LOG_IN_MEMORY, 1);
    int ret = dbenv.open(NULL,
                     DB_CREATE     |
                     DB_INIT_LOCK  |
                     DB_INIT_LOG   |
                     DB_INIT_MPOOL |
                     DB_INIT_TXN   |
                     DB_THREAD     |
                     DB_PRIVATE,
                     S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
    if (ret > 0)
        throw runtime_error(strprintf("CDBEnv::MakeMock : Error %d opening database environment.", ret));

    fDbEnvInit = true;
    fMockDb = true;
}

CDBEnv::VerifyResult CDBEnv::Verify(std::string strFile, bool (*recoverFunc)(CDBEnv& dbenv, std::string strFile))
{
    LOCK(cs_db);
    assert(mapFileUseCount.count(strFile) == 0);

    Db db(&dbenv, 0);
    int result = db.verify(strFile.c_str(), NULL, NULL, 0);
    if (result == 0)
        return VERIFY_OK;
    else if (recoverFunc == NULL)
        return RECOVER_FAIL;

    // Try to recover:
    bool fRecovered = (*recoverFunc)(*this, strFile);
    return (fRecovered ? RECOVER_OK : RECOVER_FAIL);
}

bool CDBEnv::Salvage(std::string strFile, bool fAggressive,
                     std::vector<CDBEnv::KeyValPair >& vResult)
{
    LOCK(cs_db);
    assert(mapFileUseCount.count(strFile) == 0);

    u_int32_t flags = DB_SALVAGE;
    if (fAggressive) flags |= DB_AGGRESSIVE;

    stringstream strDump;

    Db db(&dbenv, 0);
    int result = db.verify(strFile.c_str(), NULL, &strDump, flags);
    if (result == DB_VERIFY_BAD)
    {
        LogPrintf("CDBEnv::Salvage : Database salvage found errors, all data may not be recoverable.\n");
        if (!fAggressive)
        {
            LogPrintf("CDBEnv::Salvage : Rerun with aggressive mode to ignore errors and continue.\n");
            return false;
        }
    }
    if (result != 0 && result != DB_VERIFY_BAD)
    {
        LogPrintf("CDBEnv::Salvage : Database salvage failed with result %d.\n", result);
        return false;
    }

    // Format of bdb dump is ascii lines:
    // header lines...
    // HEADER=END
    // hexadecimal key
    // hexadecimal value
    // ... repeated
    // DATA=END

    string strLine;
    while (!strDump.eof() && strLine != "HEADER=END")
        getline(strDump, strLine); // Skip past header

    std::string keyHex, valueHex;
    while (!strDump.eof() && keyHex != "DATA=END")
    {
        getline(strDump, keyHex);
        if (keyHex != "DATA_END")
        {
            getline(strDump, valueHex);
            vResult.push_back(make_pair(ParseHex(keyHex),ParseHex(valueHex)));
        }
    }

    return (result == 0);
}


void CDBEnv::CheckpointLSN(const std::string& strFile)
{
    dbenv.txn_checkpoint(0, 0, 0);
    if (fMockDb)
        return;
    dbenv.lsn_reset(strFile.c_str(), 0);
}


CDB::CDB(const std::string& strFilename, const char* pszMode) :
    pdb(NULL), activeTxn(NULL)
{
    int ret;
    fReadOnly = (!strchr(pszMode, '+') && !strchr(pszMode, 'w'));
    if (strFilename.empty())
        return;

    bool fCreate = strchr(pszMode, 'c') != NULL;
    unsigned int nFlags = DB_THREAD;
    if (fCreate)
        nFlags |= DB_CREATE;

    {
        LOCK(bitdb.cs_db);
        if (!bitdb.Open(GetDataDir()))
            throw runtime_error("CDB : Failed to open database environment.");

        strFile = strFilename;
        ++bitdb.mapFileUseCount[strFile];
        pdb = bitdb.mapDb[strFile];
        if (pdb == NULL)
        {
            pdb = new Db(&bitdb.dbenv, 0);

            bool fMockDb = bitdb.IsMock();
            if (fMockDb)
            {
                DbMpoolFile*mpf = pdb->get_mpf();
                ret = mpf->set_flags(DB_MPOOL_NOFILE, 1);
                if (ret != 0)
                    throw runtime_error(strprintf("CDB : Failed to configure for no temp file backing for database %s", strFile));
            }

            ret = pdb->open(NULL, // Txn pointer
                            fMockDb ? NULL : strFile.c_str(), // Filename
                            fMockDb ? strFile.c_str() : "main", // Logical db name
                            DB_BTREE, // Database type
                            nFlags, // Flags
                            0);

            if (ret != 0)
            {
                delete pdb;
                pdb = NULL;
                --bitdb.mapFileUseCount[strFile];
                strFile = "";
                throw runtime_error(strprintf("CDB : Error %d, can't open database %s", ret, strFile));
            }

            if (fCreate && !Exists(string("version")))
            {
                bool fTmp = fReadOnly;
                fReadOnly = false;
                WriteVersion(CLIENT_VERSION);
                fReadOnly = fTmp;
            }

            bitdb.mapDb[strFile] = pdb;
        }
    }
}

void CDB::Flush()
{
    if (activeTxn)
        return;

    // Flush database activity from memory pool to disk log
    unsigned int nMinutes = 0;
    if (fReadOnly)
        nMinutes = 1;

    bitdb.dbenv.txn_checkpoint(nMinutes ? GetArg("-dblogsize", 100)*1024 : 0, nMinutes, 0);
}

void CDB::Close()
{
    if (!pdb)
        return;
    if (activeTxn)
        activeTxn->abort();
    activeTxn = NULL;
    pdb = NULL;

    Flush();

    {
        LOCK(bitdb.cs_db);
        --bitdb.mapFileUseCount[strFile];
    }
}

void CDBEnv::CloseDb(const string& strFile)
{
    {
        LOCK(cs_db);
        if (mapDb[strFile] != NULL)
        {
            // Close the database handle
            Db* pdb = mapDb[strFile];
            pdb->close(0);
            delete pdb;
            mapDb[strFile] = NULL;
        }
    }
}

bool CDBEnv::RemoveDb(const string& strFile)
{
    this->CloseDb(strFile);

    LOCK(cs_db);
    int rc = dbenv.dbremove(NULL, strFile.c_str(), NULL, DB_AUTO_COMMIT);
    return (rc == 0);
}

bool CDB::Rewrite(const string& strFile, const char* pszSkip)
{
    while (true)
    {
        {
            LOCK(bitdb.cs_db);
            if (!bitdb.mapFileUseCount.count(strFile) || bitdb.mapFileUseCount[strFile] == 0)
            {
                // Flush log data to the dat file
                bitdb.CloseDb(strFile);
                bitdb.CheckpointLSN(strFile);
                bitdb.mapFileUseCount.erase(strFile);

                bool fSuccess = true;
                LogPrintf("CDB::Rewrite : Rewriting %s...\n", strFile);
                string strFileRes = strFile + ".rewrite";
                { // surround usage of db with extra {}
                    CDB db(strFile.c_str(), "r");
                    Db* pdbCopy = new Db(&bitdb.dbenv, 0);

                    int ret = pdbCopy->open(NULL,                 // Txn pointer
                                            strFileRes.c_str(),   // Filename
                                            "main",    // Logical db name
                                            DB_BTREE,  // Database type
                                            DB_CREATE,    // Flags
                                            0);
                    if (ret > 0)
                    {
                        LogPrintf("CDB::Rewrite : Can't create database file %s\n", strFileRes);
                        fSuccess = false;
                    }

                    Dbc* pcursor = db.GetCursor();
                    if (pcursor)
                        while (fSuccess)
                        {
                            CDataStream ssKey(SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
                            CDataStream ssValue(SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
                            int ret = db.ReadAtCursor(pcursor, ssKey, ssValue, DB_NEXT);
                            if (ret == DB_NOTFOUND)
                            {
                                pcursor->close();
                                break;
                            }
                            else if (ret != 0)
                            {
                                pcursor->close();
                                fSuccess = false;
                                break;
                            }
                            if (pszSkip &&
                                strncmp(&ssKey[0], pszSkip, std::min(ssKey.size(), strlen(pszSkip))) == 0)
                                continue;
                            if (strncmp(&ssKey[0], "\x07version", 8) == 0)
                            {
                                // Update version:
                                ssValue.clear();
                                ssValue << CLIENT_VERSION;
                            }
                            Dbt datKey(&ssKey[0], ssKey.size());
                            Dbt datValue(&ssValue[0], ssValue.size());
                            int ret2 = pdbCopy->put(NULL, &datKey, &datValue, DB_NOOVERWRITE);
                            if (ret2 > 0)
                                fSuccess = false;
                        }
                    if (fSuccess)
                    {
                        db.Close();
                        bitdb.CloseDb(strFile);
                        if (pdbCopy->close(0))
                            fSuccess = false;
                        delete pdbCopy;
                    }
                }
                if (fSuccess)
                {
                    Db dbA(&bitdb.dbenv, 0);
                    if (dbA.remove(strFile.c_str(), NULL, 0))
                        fSuccess = false;
                    Db dbB(&bitdb.dbenv, 0);
                    if (dbB.rename(strFileRes.c_str(), NULL, strFile.c_str(), 0))
                        fSuccess = false;
                }
                if (!fSuccess)
                    LogPrintf("CDB::Rewrite : Failed to rewrite database file %s\n", strFileRes);
                return fSuccess;
            }
        }
        MilliSleep(100);
    }
    return false;
}


void CDBEnv::Flush(bool fShutdown)
{
    int64_t nStart = GetTimeMillis();
    // Flush log data to the actual data file on all files that are not in use
    LogPrint("db", "CDBEnv::Flush : Flush(%s)%s\n", fShutdown ? "true" : "false", fDbEnvInit ? "" : " database not started");
    if (!fDbEnvInit)
        return;
    {
        LOCK(cs_db);
        map<string, int>::iterator mi = mapFileUseCount.begin();
        while (mi != mapFileUseCount.end())
        {
            string strFile = (*mi).first;
            int nRefCount = (*mi).second;
            LogPrint("db", "CDBEnv::Flush : Flushing %s (refcount = %d)...\n", strFile, nRefCount);
            if (nRefCount == 0)
            {
                // Move log data to the dat file
                CloseDb(strFile);
                LogPrint("db", "CDBEnv::Flush : %s checkpoint\n", strFile);
                dbenv.txn_checkpoint(0, 0, 0);
                LogPrint("db", "CDBEnv::Flush : %s detach\n", strFile);
                if (!fMockDb)
                    dbenv.lsn_reset(strFile.c_str(), 0);
                LogPrint("db", "CDBEnv::Flush : %s closed\n", strFile);
                mapFileUseCount.erase(mi++);
            }
            else
                mi++;
        }
        LogPrint("db", "CDBEnv::Flush : Flush(%s)%s took %15dms\n", fShutdown ? "true" : "false", fDbEnvInit ? "" : " database not started", GetTimeMillis() - nStart);
        if (fShutdown)
        {
            char** listp;
            if (mapFileUseCount.empty())
            {
                dbenv.log_archive(&listp, DB_ARCH_REMOVE);
                Close();
                if (!fMockDb)
                    boost::filesystem::remove_all(path / "database");
            }
        }
    }
}