tonkia

Finnish

Etymology

Sound-symbolic. Compare tönkiä, tunkea, sonkia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtoŋkiɑˣ/, [ˈt̪o̞ŋk̟iɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -oŋkiɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): ton‧kia

Verb

tonkia (transitive, intransitive)

1. to grub (to dig in search of something, as e.g. a pig does to find food)
2. to scavenge (to search through unwanted material for useful material)
3. to dig (to research a particular subject, especially a suspicious case)

Conjugation

Inflection of tonkia (Kotus type 61*G/sallia, nk-ng gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		tongin	en tongi	1st sing.	olen tonkinut	en ole tonkinut
2nd sing.		tongit	et tongi	2nd sing.	olet tonkinut	et ole tonkinut
3rd sing.		tonkii	ei tongi	3rd sing.	on tonkinut	ei ole tonkinut
1st plur.		tongimme	emme tongi	1st plur.	olemme tonkineet	emme ole tonkineet
2nd plur.		tongitte	ette tongi	2nd plur.	olette tonkineet	ette ole tonkineet
3rd plur.		tonkivat	eivät tongi	3rd plur.	ovat tonkineet	eivät ole tonkineet
passive		tongitaan	ei tongita	passive	on tongittu	ei ole tongittu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		tongin	en tonkinut	1st sing.	olin tonkinut	en ollut tonkinut
2nd sing.		tongit	et tonkinut	2nd sing.	olit tonkinut	et ollut tonkinut
3rd sing.		tonki	ei tonkinut	3rd sing.	oli tonkinut	ei ollut tonkinut
1st plur.		tongimme	emme tonkineet	1st plur.	olimme tonkineet	emme olleet tonkineet
2nd plur.		tongitte	ette tonkineet	2nd plur.	olitte tonkineet	ette olleet tonkineet
3rd plur.		tonkivat	eivät tonkineet	3rd plur.	olivat tonkineet	eivät olleet tonkineet
passive		tongittiin	ei tongittu	passive	oli tongittu	ei ollut tongittu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		tonkisin	en tonkisi	1st sing.	olisin tonkinut	en olisi tonkinut
2nd sing.		tonkisit	et tonkisi	2nd sing.	olisit tonkinut	et olisi tonkinut
3rd sing.		tonkisi	ei tonkisi	3rd sing.	olisi tonkinut	ei olisi tonkinut
1st plur.		tonkisimme	emme tonkisi	1st plur.	olisimme tonkineet	emme olisi tonkineet
2nd plur.		tonkisitte	ette tonkisi	2nd plur.	olisitte tonkineet	ette olisi tonkineet
3rd plur.		tonkisivat	eivät tonkisi	3rd plur.	olisivat tonkineet	eivät olisi tonkineet
passive		tongittaisiin	ei tongittaisi	passive	olisi tongittu	ei olisi tongittu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		tongi	älä tongi	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		tonkikoon	älköön tonkiko	3rd sing.	olkoon tonkinut	älköön olko tonkinut
1st plur.		tonkikaamme	älkäämme tonkiko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		tonkikaa	älkää tonkiko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		tonkikoot	älkööt tonkiko	3rd plur.	olkoot tonkineet	älkööt olko tonkineet
passive		tongittakoon	älköön tongittako	passive	olkoon tongittu	älköön olko tongittu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		tonkinen	en tonkine	1st sing.	lienen tonkinut	en liene tonkinut
2nd sing.		tonkinet	et tonkine	2nd sing.	lienet tonkinut	et liene tonkinut
3rd sing.		tonkinee	ei tonkine	3rd sing.	lienee tonkinut	ei liene tonkinut
1st plur.		tonkinemme	emme tonkine	1st plur.	lienemme tonkineet	emme liene tonkineet
2nd plur.		tonkinette	ette tonkine	2nd plur.	lienette tonkineet	ette liene tonkineet
3rd plur.		tonkinevat	eivät tonkine	3rd plur.	lienevät tonkineet	eivät liene tonkineet
passive		tongittaneen	ei tongittane	passive	lienee tongittu	ei liene tongittu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		tonkia		present	tonkiva	tongittava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st tonkiakseni tonkiaksemme 2nd tonkiaksesi tonkiaksenne 3rd tonkiakseen tonkiaksensa		past	tonkinut	tongittu
2nd	inessive2	tonkiessa	tongittaessa	agent4	tonkima
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st tonkiessani tonkiessamme 2nd tonkiessasi tonkiessanne 3rd tonkiessaan tonkiessansa		negative	tonkimaton
	instructive	tonkien	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details). 4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd	inessive	tonkimassa	—
	elative	tonkimasta	—
	illative	tonkimaan	—
	adessive	tonkimalla	—
	abessive	tonkimatta	—
	instructive	tonkiman	tongittaman
4th3	verbal noun	tonkiminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st tonkimaisillani tonkimaisillamme 2nd tonkimaisillasi tonkimaisillanne 3rd tonkimaisillaan tonkimaisillansa

Derived terms

• tonginta
• tonkaista
• tonkija

 

References

• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

Further reading

• “tonkia”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• aktion, kantio, kantoi, koitan, kontia, kotina