rangaista
Appearance
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]ranka + -aista (momentane aspect), possibly through dialectal rankoa
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]rangaista
- (transitive, usually atelic) to punish, penalise/penalize, mete out a penalty/punishment for
Usage notes
[edit]The consonant gradation for this verb leads to some confusion (even for some native speakers), which has resulted in a nonstandard variant rankaista that does not have gradation.
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of rangaista (Kotus type 66*G/rohkaista, nk-ng gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | rankaisen | en rankaise | 1st sing. | olen rangaissut | en ole rangaissut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | rankaiset | et rankaise | 2nd sing. | olet rangaissut | et ole rangaissut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | rankaisee | ei rankaise | 3rd sing. | on rangaissut | ei ole rangaissut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | rankaisemme | emme rankaise | 1st plur. | olemme rangaisseet | emme ole rangaisseet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | rankaisette | ette rankaise | 2nd plur. | olette rangaisseet | ette ole rangaisseet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | rankaisevat | eivät rankaise | 3rd plur. | ovat rangaisseet | eivät ole rangaisseet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | rangaistaan | ei rangaista | passive | on rangaistu | ei ole rangaistu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | rankaisin | en rangaissut | 1st sing. | olin rangaissut | en ollut rangaissut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | rankaisit | et rangaissut | 2nd sing. | olit rangaissut | et ollut rangaissut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | rankaisi | ei rangaissut | 3rd sing. | oli rangaissut | ei ollut rangaissut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | rankaisimme | emme rangaisseet | 1st plur. | olimme rangaisseet | emme olleet rangaisseet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | rankaisitte | ette rangaisseet | 2nd plur. | olitte rangaisseet | ette olleet rangaisseet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | rankaisivat | eivät rangaisseet | 3rd plur. | olivat rangaisseet | eivät olleet rangaisseet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | rangaistiin | ei rangaistu | passive | oli rangaistu | ei ollut rangaistu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | rankaisisin | en rankaisisi | 1st sing. | olisin rangaissut | en olisi rangaissut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | rankaisisit | et rankaisisi | 2nd sing. | olisit rangaissut | et olisi rangaissut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | rankaisisi | ei rankaisisi | 3rd sing. | olisi rangaissut | ei olisi rangaissut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | rankaisisimme | emme rankaisisi | 1st plur. | olisimme rangaisseet | emme olisi rangaisseet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | rankaisisitte | ette rankaisisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte rangaisseet | ette olisi rangaisseet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | rankaisisivat | eivät rankaisisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat rangaisseet | eivät olisi rangaisseet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | rangaistaisiin | ei rangaistaisi | passive | olisi rangaistu | ei olisi rangaistu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | rankaise | älä rankaise | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | rangaiskoon | älköön rangaisko | 3rd sing. | olkoon rangaissut | älköön olko rangaissut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | rangaiskaamme | älkäämme rangaisko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | rangaiskaa | älkää rangaisko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | rangaiskoot | älkööt rangaisko | 3rd plur. | olkoot rangaisseet | älkööt olko rangaisseet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | rangaistakoon | älköön rangaistako | passive | olkoon rangaistu | älköön olko rangaistu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | rangaissen | en rangaisse | 1st sing. | lienen rangaissut | en liene rangaissut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | rangaisset | et rangaisse | 2nd sing. | lienet rangaissut | et liene rangaissut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | rangaissee | ei rangaisse | 3rd sing. | lienee rangaissut | ei liene rangaissut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | rangaissemme | emme rangaisse | 1st plur. | lienemme rangaisseet | emme liene rangaisseet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | rangaissette | ette rangaisse | 2nd plur. | lienette rangaisseet | ette liene rangaisseet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | rangaissevat | eivät rangaisse | 3rd plur. | lienevät rangaisseet | eivät liene rangaisseet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | rangaistaneen | ei rangaistane | passive | lienee rangaistu | ei liene rangaistu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | rangaista | present | rankaiseva | rangaistava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
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past | rangaissut | rangaistu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | rangaistessa | rangaistaessa | agent4 | rankaisema | ||||||||||||||||
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negative | rankaisematon | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | rangaisten | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | rankaisemassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | rankaisemasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | rankaisemaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | rankaisemalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | rankaisematta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | rankaiseman | rangaistaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | rankaiseminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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Derived terms
[edit]nouns
Further reading
[edit]- “rangaista”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03