ngana

English

Noun

ngana (uncountable)

1. Obsolete spelling of nagana.
   • 1908 March 12, John William Watson Stephens, “Sleeping Sickness”, in Nature, volume 77, pages 440–442:

     It is perhaps an exaggeration to say that we know now no more about tsetse-flies than we did when Bruce discovered that Gl. morsitans transmitted the trypanosome (T. brucei) of ngana […]

Anagrams

• Angan, nanga, Anang, ganna

Gamilaraay

ngana

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ŋana/

Noun

ngana

1. room
2. grass windbreak
3. grass hut

References

• (2017) Giacon J Gamilaraay-Yuwaalaraay Dictionary Supplement

Guugu Yimidhirr

Etymology

From Proto-Paman *ngana, from Proto-Pama-Maric *ngana, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *ngana.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ŋana/

Pronoun

ngana

1. (coastal dialect) we: first person plural nominative pronoun

Usage notes

Most modern speakers use the inland form nganhdhaan, even if they otherwise use coastal words.

Synonyms

• nganhdhaan (inland dialect)

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
• Haviland, John B. 1979. ‘Guugu Yimidhirr Sketch Grammar’. R. M. W. Dixon, B. Blake (eds.) Handbook of Australian Languages, Vol I.

Lindu

Noun

ngana

1. child

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈŋana/ [ˈŋa.na]
• Syllabification: nga‧na

Etymology 1

Clipping of menurut ngana? (“you think?”), from menurut (“according to”) + ngana (“you (Manado)”). Reanalyzed as a second-person pronoun for specific use in sarcastic and rhetorical responses.

Pronoun

ngana

1. (colloquial, sarcastic) you; yourself [mid-2010s?]
   • 2017, Sofi Meloni, Cinder Ana on Duty, Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, →ISBN, page 110:

     Aku membentuk dua kerucut dengan tanganku dan menggabungkannya untuk menggambarkan yang kumaksud.
     "Maksud ngana ciuman?"

     I made two finger purses with my palms and combined them to illustrate what I meant.
     "(Duh,) you mean (they were) kissing?"

   • 2021, Stefani Bella, Gak Capek Dituntut Mulu? [Aren't You Tired of Being Under Pressure?], Yogyakarta: Gradien Mediatama, →ISBN, page 20:

     Ya ngana pikir pemirsa, kalau udah tua hidup bisa ongkang-ongkang kaki aja?

     Well, think about it yourself, readers, would you spend old age idling around?

Etymology 2

From Manado Malay ngana (“you”).

Pronoun

ngana

1. (Manado) you (singular)

Manado Malay

Alternative forms

• na

Etymology

From North Moluccan Malay ngana, from Ternate ngana.

Pronoun

ngana

1. you (singular)

North Moluccan Malay

Alternative forms

• nga

Etymology

From Ternate ngana.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈŋana/
• Hyphenation: nga‧na

Pronoun

ngana

1. (casual) you, your (singular)

   Torang tadi pigi di ngana pe skola.

   We went to your school.

See also

• ngoni (“you/y'all, your (plural)”)

North Moluccan Malay personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person	long	kita, saya1	torang
	short	ta	tong
2nd person	long	ngana	ngoni
	short	nga	ngo
3rd person	long	dia	dorang
	short	de	dong
reflexive		diri
emphatic		sandiri

¹ Polite.

• The short forms are mostly dependent.
• The second person pronouns are usually avoided when talking to someone of higher status or older.
  

See each entry for more information.

Ternate

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈŋa.na]

Pronoun

ngana (subject clitic no, possessive prefix ni, Jawi ڠان)

1. second-person singular pronoun, you

Descendants

• Manado Malay: ngana
• North Moluccan Malay: ngana

See also

Ternate personal pronouns

		independent		subject proclitic	possessive
		informal	formal
singular	1st person	ngori	fangarem, fajaruf	to	ri
	2nd person	ngana	ngoni, jou ngoni	no	ni
	3rd person	unam, minaf		om, mof, inh	im, mif, manh
plural	1st person inclusive	ngone		fo	na, nga
	1st person exclusive	ngomi	fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1	mi	mi, mia
	2nd person	ngoni		ni	na, nia
	3rd person	anah, enanh		ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, †	nah, ngah, manh

• unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
• m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
• 1 - for mixed-gender groups
• † - archaic

References

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh