machucar

Galician

Alternative forms

• amachucar, machacar

Etymology

Attested since circa 1300. Probably from machar (“to grind”), from macho (“mallet”), from Latin marculus (“small hammer”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mat͡ʃuˈkaɾ/

Verb

machucar (first-person singular present machuco, first-person singular preterite machuquei, past participle machucado)

1. (transitive) to hurt; to injure with a blunt weapon

   Synonym: magoar

2. (transitive) to squash, crush, smash

   Synonym: esmagar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of machucar (c-qu alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	machucar
Personal	machucar	machucares	machucar	machucarmos	machucardes	machucaren
Gerund
	machucando
Past participle
Masculine	machucado			machucados
Feminine	machucada			machucadas
Indicative
Present	machuco	machucas	machuca	machucamos	machucades	machucan
Imperfect	machucaba	machucabas	machucaba	machucabamos	machucabades	machucaban
Preterite	machuquei	machucaches	machucou	machucamos	machucastes	machucaron
Pluperfect	machucara	machucaras	machucara	machucaramos	machucarades	machucaran
Future	machucarei	machucarás	machucará	machucaremos	machucaredes	machucarán
Conditional	machucaría	machucarías	machucaría	machucariamos	machucariades	machucarían
Subjunctive
Present	machuque	machuques	machuque	machuquemos	machuquedes	machuquen
Imperfect	machucase	machucases	machucase	machucásemos	machucásedes	machucasen
Future	machucar	machucares	machucar	machucarmos	machucardes	machucaren
Imperative
Affirmative		machuca	machuque	machuquemos	machucade	machuquen
Negative (non)		non machuques	non machuque	non machuquemos	non machuquedes	non machuquen

    Reintegrated conjugation of machucar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	machucar
Personal	machucar	machucares	machucar	machucarmos	machucardes	machucarem
Gerund
	machucando
Past participle
Masculine	machucado			machucados
Feminine	machucada			machucadas
Indicative
Present	machuco	machucas	machuca	machucamos	machucades, machucais	machucam
Imperfect	machucava	machucavas	machucava	machucávamos	machucávades, machucáveis, machucávais1	machucavam
Preterite	machuquei	machucaste, machucache1	machucou	machucamos	machucastes	machucárom, machucaram
Pluperfect	machucara	machucaras	machucara	machucáramos	machucárades, machucáreis, machucárais1	machucaram
Future	machucarei	machucarás	machucará	machucaremos	machucaredes, machucareis	machucarám, machucarão
Conditional	machucaria	machucarias	machucaria	machucaríamos	machucaríades, machucaríeis, machucaríais1	machucariam
Subjunctive
Present	machuque	machuques	machuque	machuquemos	machuquedes, machuqueis	machuquem
Imperfect	machucasse	machucasses	machucasse	machucássemos	machucássedes, machucásseis	machucassem
Future	machucar	machucares	machucar	machucarmos	machucardes	machucarem
Imperative
Affirmative		machuca	machuque	machuquemos	machucade, machucai	machuquem
Negative (nom)		nom machuques	nom machuque	nom machuquemos	nom machuquedes, nom machuqueis	nom machuquem

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• machar
• macho

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “machucar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “machuca”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “machucar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “machucar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “machucar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “machucar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “machucar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

From the verb machar (“to grind”), from macho (“mallet”), from Latin marculus (“small hammer”). Compare Spanish machucar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ma.ʃuˈka(ʁ)/ [ma.ʃuˈka(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ma.ʃuˈka(ʁ)/ [ma.ʃuˈka(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ma.ʃuˈka(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ma.ʃuˈka(ʁ)/ [ma.ʃuˈka(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ma.ʃuˈka(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /mɐ.ʃuˈkaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /mɐ.ʃuˈkaɾ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /mɐ.t͡ʃuˈkaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /mɐ.ʃuˈka.ɾi/

Verb

machucar (first-person singular present machuco, first-person singular preterite machuquei, past participle machucado)

1. (transitive) to hurt (to cause physical pain)

   Synonyms: ferir, magoar

   • 1973, Nelson Cavaquinho, Guilherme de Brito (lyrics and music), “A Flor e o Espinho”:

     Hoje pra você eu sou espinho / Espinho não machuca flor

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (transitive, figurative) to hurt (to cause emotional pain)

   Synonyms: ofender, magoar

   • 1975, Juarez Santiago, Alonso da Modinha (lyrics and music), “Ainda gosto dela”, performed by Jacinto Silva:

     Se ela sentisse saudade / Não me machucava assim / Só porque eu gosto dela / E ela não gosta de mim

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of machucar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	machucar
Personal	machucar	machucares	machucar	machucarmos	machucardes	machucarem
Gerund
	machucando
Past participle
Masculine	machucado			machucados
Feminine	machucada			machucadas
Indicative
Present	machuco	machucas	machuca	machucamos	machucais	machucam
Imperfect	machucava	machucavas	machucava	machucávamos	machucáveis	machucavam
Preterite	machuquei	machucaste	machucou	machucamos1, machucámos2	machucastes	machucaram
Pluperfect	machucara	machucaras	machucara	machucáramos	machucáreis	machucaram
Future	machucarei	machucarás	machucará	machucaremos	machucareis	machucarão
Conditional	machucaria	machucarias	machucaria	machucaríamos	machucaríeis	machucariam
Subjunctive
Present	machuque	machuques	machuque	machuquemos	machuqueis	machuquem
Imperfect	machucasse	machucasses	machucasse	machucássemos	machucásseis	machucassem
Future	machucar	machucares	machucar	machucarmos	machucardes	machucarem
Imperative
Affirmative		machuca	machuque	machuquemos	machucai	machuquem
Negative (não)		não machuques	não machuque	não machuquemos	não machuqueis	não machuquem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “machucar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
• “machucar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Spanish

Etymology

From the verb machar (“to grind”), from macho (“mallet”), from Latin marculus (“small hammer”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mat͡ʃuˈkaɾ/ [ma.t͡ʃuˈkaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: ma‧chu‧car

Verb

machucar (first-person singular present machuco, first-person singular preterite machuqué, past participle machucado)

1. to squash, crush
2. to bruise

Conjugation

    Conjugation of machucar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			machucar
gerund			machucando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		machucado		machucada
		plural		machucados		machucadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	machuco	machucastú machucásvos	machuca	machucamos	machucáis	machucan
	imperfect	machucaba	machucabas	machucaba	machucábamos	machucabais	machucaban
	preterite	machuqué	machucaste	machucó	machucamos	machucasteis	machucaron
	future	machucaré	machucarás	machucará	machucaremos	machucaréis	machucarán
	conditional	machucaría	machucarías	machucaría	machucaríamos	machucaríais	machucarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	machuque	machuquestú machuquésvos2	machuque	machuquemos	machuquéis	machuquen
	imperfect (ra)	machucara	machucaras	machucara	machucáramos	machucarais	machucaran
	imperfect (se)	machucase	machucases	machucase	machucásemos	machucaseis	machucasen
	future1	machucare	machucares	machucare	machucáremos	machucareis	machucaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		machucatú machucávos	machuque	machuquemos	machucad	machuquen
	negative		no machuques	no machuque	no machuquemos	no machuquéis	no machuquen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of machucar (c-qu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive machucar
	dative	machucarme	machucarte	machucarle, machucarse	machucarnos	machucaros	machucarles, machucarse
	accusative	machucarme	machucarte	machucarlo, machucarla, machucarse	machucarnos	machucaros	machucarlos, machucarlas, machucarse
with gerund machucando
	dative	machucándome	machucándote	machucándole, machucándose	machucándonos	machucándoos	machucándoles, machucándose
	accusative	machucándome	machucándote	machucándolo, machucándola, machucándose	machucándonos	machucándoos	machucándolos, machucándolas, machucándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative machuca
	dative	machúcame	machúcate	machúcale	machúcanos	not used	machúcales
	accusative	machúcame	machúcate	machúcalo, machúcala	machúcanos	not used	machúcalos, machúcalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative machucá
	dative	machucame	machucate	machucale	machucanos	not used	machucales
	accusative	machucame	machucate	machucalo, machucala	machucanos	not used	machucalos, machucalas
with formal second-person singular imperative machuque
	dative	machúqueme	not used	machúquele, machúquese	machúquenos	not used	machúqueles
	accusative	machúqueme	not used	machúquelo, machúquela, machúquese	machúquenos	not used	machúquelos, machúquelas
with first-person plural imperative machuquemos
	dative	not used	machuquémoste	machuquémosle	machuquémonos	machuquémoos	machuquémosles
	accusative	not used	machuquémoste	machuquémoslo, machuquémosla	machuquémonos	machuquémoos	machuquémoslos, machuquémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative machucad
	dative	machucadme	not used	machucadle	machucadnos	machucaos	machucadles
	accusative	machucadme	not used	machucadlo, machucadla	machucadnos	machucaos	machucadlos, machucadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative machuquen
	dative	machúquenme	not used	machúquenle	machúquennos	not used	machúquenles, machúquense
	accusative	machúquenme	not used	machúquenlo, machúquenla	machúquennos	not used	machúquenlos, machúquenlas, machúquense

Derived terms

• machucador
• machucadura
• machucamiento
• machucón

 

Descendants

• → Catalan: matxucar

Further reading

• “machucar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28