kutsua

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kuccudak, from earlier *kućću-; akin to the Samic verb reflected in e.g. Northern Sami goččut. Contains the reflexive suffix -u-. The root is probably borrowed from Baltic (compare Lithuanian kviesti (“to call, to sue, to ask”), from earlier *kvaitja-).^[1] Alternatively, it may be of Germanic origin (compare Old Norse kveðja (“to greet, to call upon, to demand”)). Uralic inheritance has also been suggested, in light of Eastern Khanty [script needed] (kut́-), Northern Khanty [script needed] (χuś-, “to teach, to tempt”) (suggesting a Proto-Uralic verb *kuććɜ-), for which an alternative etymology is however known as well.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkutsuɑˣ/, [ˈkuts̠uɑ̝(ʔ)]
Rhymes: -utsuɑ
Hyphenation^(key): kut‧sua

Verb

kutsua

(transitive) to invite [with allative or illative ‘to/for’; or with illative of third infinitive ‘to do’]
Kutsuin isän päivälliselle.
I invited my father for dinner.
(transitive, usually atelic) to beckon, call, call for summon (to shout out in order to summon)
Nojauduin ulos takaovesta ja kutsuin Lucya.
I leant out of the back door and called for Lucy.

Olkaa hyvä ja istuutukaa. Teitä kutsutaan sukunimellä.
Please have a seat. You will be called by the surname.
(transitive, usually atelic) to call, name, dub, go by [with translative]
Synonym: sanoa

Hänen alaisensa kutsuvat häntä epäkunnioittavasti vänrikki Nappulaksi.
His subordinates disrespectfully call him lieutenant Fuzz.

Hän kutsui minua Pertiksi, mutta en antanut sen haitata.
He called me Pertti, but I did not let it bother me.

Hänen koko nimensä on Ernest Tinkleton, mutta häntä kutsutaan Ernieksi.
His full name is Ernest Tinkleton, but he goes by Ernie.
(transitive) to call up (to select e.g. to a sports squad)
(transitive) to muster, call out (to collect, call or assemble together, such as troops or a group; enroll into service, to order into service)
kutsua koolle ― to muster

kutsua kokoon ― to muster

Kuvernööri kutsui kansalliskaartin palvelukseen.
The Governor called out the National Guard.
(transitive) to hail, call out (to voice loudly in order to gain the attention of)
kutsua taksi ― to hail a taxi / to call out a taxi

Conjugation

Inflection of kutsua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation)

indicative mood

present tense

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

kutsun

en kutsu

1st sing.

olen kutsunut

en ole kutsunut

2nd sing.

kutsut

et kutsu

2nd sing.

olet kutsunut

et ole kutsunut

3rd sing.

kutsuu

ei kutsu

3rd sing.

on kutsunut

ei ole kutsunut

1st plur.

kutsumme

emme kutsu

1st plur.

olemme kutsuneet

emme ole kutsuneet

2nd plur.

kutsutte

ette kutsu

2nd plur.

olette kutsuneet

ette ole kutsuneet

3rd plur.

kutsuvat

eivät kutsu

3rd plur.

ovat kutsuneet

eivät ole kutsuneet

passive

kutsutaan

ei kutsuta

passive

on kutsuttu

ei ole kutsuttu

past tense

pluperfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

kutsuin

en kutsunut

1st sing.

olin kutsunut

en ollut kutsunut

2nd sing.

kutsuit

et kutsunut

2nd sing.

olit kutsunut

et ollut kutsunut

3rd sing.

kutsui

ei kutsunut

3rd sing.

oli kutsunut

ei ollut kutsunut

1st plur.

kutsuimme

emme kutsuneet

1st plur.

olimme kutsuneet

emme olleet kutsuneet

2nd plur.

kutsuitte

ette kutsuneet

2nd plur.

olitte kutsuneet

ette olleet kutsuneet

3rd plur.

kutsuivat

eivät kutsuneet

3rd plur.

olivat kutsuneet

eivät olleet kutsuneet

passive

kutsuttiin

ei kutsuttu

passive

oli kutsuttu

ei ollut kutsuttu

conditional mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

kutsuisin

en kutsuisi

1st sing.

olisin kutsunut

en olisi kutsunut

2nd sing.

kutsuisit

et kutsuisi

2nd sing.

olisit kutsunut

et olisi kutsunut

3rd sing.

kutsuisi

ei kutsuisi

3rd sing.

olisi kutsunut

ei olisi kutsunut

1st plur.

kutsuisimme

emme kutsuisi

1st plur.

olisimme kutsuneet

emme olisi kutsuneet

2nd plur.

kutsuisitte

ette kutsuisi

2nd plur.

olisitte kutsuneet

ette olisi kutsuneet

3rd plur.

kutsuisivat

eivät kutsuisi

3rd plur.

olisivat kutsuneet

eivät olisi kutsuneet

passive

kutsuttaisiin

ei kutsuttaisi

passive

olisi kutsuttu

ei olisi kutsuttu

imperative mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

—

1st sing.

—

2nd sing.

kutsu

älä kutsu

2nd sing.

—

3rd sing.

kutsukoon

älköön kutsuko

3rd sing.

olkoon kutsunut

älköön olko kutsunut

1st plur.

kutsukaamme

älkäämme kutsuko

1st plur.

—

2nd plur.

kutsukaa

älkää kutsuko

2nd plur.

—

3rd plur.

kutsukoot

älkööt kutsuko

3rd plur.

olkoot kutsuneet

älkööt olko kutsuneet

passive

kutsuttakoon

älköön kutsuttako

passive

olkoon kutsuttu

älköön olko kutsuttu

potential mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

kutsunen

en kutsune

1st sing.

lienen kutsunut

en liene kutsunut

2nd sing.

kutsunet

et kutsune

2nd sing.

lienet kutsunut

et liene kutsunut

3rd sing.

kutsunee

ei kutsune

3rd sing.

lienee kutsunut

ei liene kutsunut

1st plur.

kutsunemme

emme kutsune

1st plur.

lienemme kutsuneet

emme liene kutsuneet

2nd plur.

kutsunette

ette kutsune

2nd plur.

lienette kutsuneet

ette liene kutsuneet

3rd plur.

kutsunevat

eivät kutsune

3rd plur.

lienevät kutsuneet

eivät liene kutsuneet

passive

kutsuttaneen

ei kutsuttane

passive

lienee kutsuttu

ei liene kutsuttu

Nominal forms

infinitives

participles

active

passive

active

passive

1st

kutsua

present

kutsuva

kutsuttava

long 1st¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	kutsuakseni	kutsuaksemme
2nd	kutsuaksesi	kutsuaksenne
3rd	kutsuakseen kutsuaksensa

past

kutsunut

kutsuttu

2nd

inessive²

kutsuessa

kutsuttaessa

agent⁴

kutsuma

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	kutsuessani	kutsuessamme
2nd	kutsuessasi	kutsuessanne
3rd	kutsuessaan kutsuessansa

negative

kutsumaton

instructive

kutsuen

—

¹⁾ Used only with a possessive suffix.

²⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
³⁾ Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

⁴⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

3rd

inessive

kutsumassa

—

elative

kutsumasta

—

illative

kutsumaan

—

adessive

kutsumalla

—

abessive

kutsumatta

—

instructive

kutsuman

kutsuttaman

4th³

verbal noun

kutsuminen

5th¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	kutsumaisillani	kutsumaisillamme
2nd	kutsumaisillasi	kutsumaisillanne
3rd	kutsumaisillaan kutsumaisillansa

Derived terms

References

^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “kutsua”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎^[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01

Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

Anagrams

kastuu, kautsu, kuusta

Ingrian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *kuccudak. Cognates include Finnish kutsua and Estonian kutsuda.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkut͡suɑ/, [ˈkut͡s̠o̞]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkut͡suɑ/, [ˈkut͡suɑ]
Rhymes: -ut͡soː, -ut͡suɑ
Hyphenation: kut‧su‧a

Verb

kutsua

(transitive) to invite
Minnua ei kutsuttu praaznikkaa. ― I wasn't invited to the party.
(ditransitive, + translative) to call; name
Hää kutsui tämän elokkaan koiraks. ― He called this animal a dog.
- 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[4], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:
  Osa iƶoroist veel nytkii kutsuu itsiätä karjalaisiks.
  Some Ingrians even now still call themselves Karelians.

Conjugation

Conjugation of kutsua (type 1/ampua, no gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kutsun	en kutsu	1st singular	oon kutsunt, oon kutsunut	en oo kutsunt, en oo kutsunut
2nd singular	kutsut	et kutsu	2nd singular	oot kutsunt, oot kutsunut	et oo kutsunt, et oo kutsunut
3rd singular	kutsuu	ei kutsu	3rd singular	ono kutsunt, ono kutsunut	ei oo kutsunt, ei oo kutsunut
1st plural	kutsumma	emmä kutsu	1st plural	oomma kutsuneet	emmä oo kutsuneet
2nd plural	kutsutta	että kutsu	2nd plural	ootta kutsuneet	että oo kutsuneet
3rd plural	kutsuut¹⁾, kutsuvat²⁾, kutsutaa	evät kutsu, ei kutsuta	3rd plural	ovat kutsuneet	evät oo kutsuneet, ei oo kutsuttu
impersonal	kutsutaa	ei kutsuta	impersonal	ono kutsuttu	ei oo kutsuttu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kutsuin	en kutsunt, en kutsunut	1st singular	olin kutsunt, olin kutsunut	en olt kutsunt, en olt kutsunut
2nd singular	kutsuit	et kutsunt, et kutsunut	2nd singular	olit kutsunt, olit kutsunut	et olt kutsunt, et olt kutsunut
3rd singular	kutsui	ei kutsunt, ei kutsunut	3rd singular	oli kutsunt, oli kutsunut	ei olt kutsunt, ei olt kutsunut
1st plural	kutsuimma	emmä kutsuneet	1st plural	olimma kutsuneet	emmä olleet kutsuneet
2nd plural	kutsuitta	että kutsuneet	2nd plural	olitta kutsuneet	että olleet kutsuneet
3rd plural	kutsuit¹⁾, kutsuivat²⁾, kutsuttii	evät kutsuneet, ei kutsuttu	3rd plural	olivat kutsuneet	evät olleet kutsuneet, ei olt kutsuttu
impersonal	kutsuttii	ei kutsuttu	impersonal	oli kutsuttu	ei olt kutsuttu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kutsuisin	en kutsuis	1st singular	olisin kutsunt, olisin kutsunut	en olis kutsunt, en olis kutsunut
2nd singular	kutsuisit, kutsuist¹⁾	et kutsuis	2nd singular	olisit kutsunt, olisit kutsunut	et olis kutsunt, et olis kutsunut
3rd singular	kutsuis	ei kutsuis	3rd singular	olis kutsunt, olis kutsunut	ei olis kutsunt, ei olis kutsunut
1st plural	kutsuisimma	emmä kutsuis	1st plural	olisimma kutsuneet	emmä olis kutsuneet
2nd plural	kutsuisitta	että kutsuis	2nd plural	olisitta kutsuneet	että olis kutsuneet
3rd plural	kutsuisiit¹⁾, kutsuisivat²⁾, kutsuttais	evät kutsuis, ei kutsuttais	3rd plural	olisivat kutsuneet	evät olis kutsuneet, ei olis kutsuttu
impersonal	kutsuttais	ei kutsuttais	impersonal	olis kutsuttu	ei olis kutsuttu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	kutsu	elä kutsu	2nd singular	oo kutsunt, oo kutsunut	elä oo kutsunt, elä oo kutsunut
3rd singular	kutsukoo	elköö kutsuko	3rd singular	olkoo kutsunt, olkoo kutsunut	elköö olko kutsunt, elköö olko kutsunut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	kutsukaa	elkää kutsuko	2nd plural	olkaa kutsuneet	elkää olko kutsuneet
3rd plural	kutsukoot	elkööt kutsuko, elköö kutsuttako	3rd plural	olkoot kutsuneet	elkööt olko kutsuneet, elköö olko kutsuttu
impersonal	kutsuttakkoo	elköö kutsuttako	impersonal	olkoo kutsuttu	elköö olko kutsuttu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	kutsunen	en kutsune
2nd singular	kutsunet	et kutsune
3rd singular	kutsunoo	ei kutsune
1st plural	kutsunemma	emmä kutsune
2nd plural	kutsunetta	että kutsune
3rd plural	kutsunoot	evät kutsune, ei kutsuttane
impersonal	kutsuttannoo	ei kutsuttane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		kutsua	present	kutsuva	kutsuttava
2nd	inessive	kutsujees	past	kutsunt, kutsunut	kutsuttu
2nd	instructive	kutsuen	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (kutsukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative ^*) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) or -kse* to either the indicative or the potential ^***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-*, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	kutsumaa
	inessive	kutsumaas
	elative	kutsumast
	abessive	kutsumata
4th	nominative	kutsumiin
	partitive	kutsumista, kutsumist

Synonyms

(to invite): paijata
(to call): sannoa

Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkut͡suɑ/, [ˈkut͡s̠o̞]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkut͡suɑ/, [ˈkut͡suɑ]
Rhymes: -ut͡soː, -ut͡suɑ
Hyphenation: kut‧su‧a

Noun

kutsua

partitive singular of kutsu

References

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 224

[1] Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “kutsua”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎^[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01

[1]

Finnish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Synonyms

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

References