kneifen
German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Derived from earlier kneipen, from Middle Low German knīpen, from Old Saxon *knīpan, from Proto-West Germanic *knīpan. Cognate with Dutch knijpen.
The form with -f- is an adaptation to the High German consonantism, for which there may have been rare antetypes in northern dialects of Central German, but which was chiefly artificial. Kneipen remained predominant until the earlier 19th century, but was somewhat informal. The more standard-looking kneifen then fully established itself in written German and displaced kneipen by the mid-20th century.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kneifen (class 1 strong, third-person singular present kneift, past tense kniff, past participle gekniffen, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive or intransitive) to pinch, to squeeze
- (intransitive) to chicken out; to back out; to shirk
- vor etwas kneifen ― to shirk something
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | kneifen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | kneifend | ||||
past participle | gekniffen | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich kneife | wir kneifen | i | ich kneife | wir kneifen |
du kneifst | ihr kneift | du kneifest | ihr kneifet | ||
er kneift | sie kneifen | er kneife | sie kneifen | ||
preterite | ich kniff | wir kniffen | ii | ich kniffe1 | wir kniffen1 |
du kniffst | ihr knifft | du kniffest1 du kniffst1 |
ihr kniffet1 ihr knifft1 | ||
er kniff | sie kniffen | er kniffe1 | sie kniffen1 | ||
imperative | kneif (du) kneife (du) |
kneift (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- German terms derived from Middle Low German
- German terms derived from Old Saxon
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German strong verbs
- German class 1 strong verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German transitive verbs
- German intransitive verbs
- German terms with usage examples