izgat
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From izzik (“to glow”, including metaphorical emotional senses) + -gat (frequentative suffix, here with causative meaning).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]izgat
- (transitive) to excite, upset (to make someone anxious, worried)
- (transitive) to excite, stimulate (physically)
- (transitive) to provoke, incite, stir up (a large body of people)
Usage notes
[edit]The subject of certain verbs is not someone who acts but a stimulus that prompts sensory or emotional feelings, like when things interest someone, matter to someone, please someone or appeal to someone. In these cases, the experiencer can take the accusative (e.g. interest) or the dative (e.g. appeal). The experiencer is expressed with the dative in the case of hiányzik (“to be missing or missed by someone”), ízlik (“to taste good”), kell (“to be needed, necessary, or required”), tetszik (“to be appealing”), and van/megvan (“to be had, to be owned by someone”).
If the experiencer is expressed with the accusative, third-person objects (him, her, it, or them) are considered definite, while first- and second-person objects (me, us, and you), indefinite. For example, the verb érdekel can take the definite form érdekli őt (“he/she is interested”, literally “it interests him/her”) or the indefinite form érdekel engem/téged/minket (“I am, you are, we are interested”, literally “it interests me, you, us”). The form érdekellek means “you are interested in me” (literally, “I interest you”). — Similar verbs include zavar (“to be bothered by”) and izgat (“to be intrigued by”).[2]
Conjugation
[edit]Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | izgatok | izgatsz | izgat | izgatunk | izgattok | izgatnak | |
Def. | izgatom | izgatod | izgatja | izgatjuk | izgatjátok | izgatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | izgatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | izgattam | izgattál | izgatott | izgattunk | izgattatok | izgattak | ||
Def. | izgattam | izgattad | izgatta | izgattuk | izgattátok | izgatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | izgattalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. izgatni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | izgaték | izgatál | izgata | izgatánk | izgatátok | izgatának | ||
Def. | izgatám | izgatád | izgatá | izgatánk | izgatátok | izgaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | izgatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. izgat vala, izgatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | izgatandok | izgatandasz | izgatand | izgatandunk | izgatandotok | izgatandanak | ||
Def. | izgatandom | izgatandod | izgatandja | izgatandjuk | izgatandjátok | izgatandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | izgatandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | izgatnék | izgatnál | izgatna | izgatnánk | izgatnátok | izgatnának | |
Def. | izgatnám | izgatnád | izgatná | izgatnánk (or izgatnók) |
izgatnátok | izgatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | izgatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. izgatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | izgassak | izgass or izgassál |
izgasson | izgassunk | izgassatok | izgassanak | |
Def. | izgassam | izgasd or izgassad |
izgassa | izgassuk | izgassátok | izgassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | izgassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. izgatott légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | izgatni | izgatnom | izgatnod | izgatnia | izgatnunk | izgatnotok | izgatniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
izgatás | izgató | izgatott | izgatandó | izgatva (izgatván) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | izgathatok | izgathatsz | izgathat | izgathatunk | izgathattok | izgathatnak | |
Def. | izgathatom | izgathatod | izgathatja | izgathatjuk | izgathatjátok | izgathatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | izgathatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | izgathattam | izgathattál | izgathatott | izgathattunk | izgathattatok | izgathattak | ||
Def. | izgathattam | izgathattad | izgathatta | izgathattuk | izgathattátok | izgathatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | izgathattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | izgathaték | izgathatál | izgathata | izgathatánk | izgathatátok | izgathatának | ||
Def. | izgathatám | izgathatád | izgathatá | izgathatánk | izgathatátok | izgathaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | izgathatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. izgathat vala, izgathatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | izgathatandok or izgatandhatok |
izgathatandasz or izgatandhatsz |
izgathatand or izgatandhat |
izgathatandunk or izgatandhatunk |
izgathatandotok or izgatandhattok |
izgathatandanak or izgatandhatnak | ||
Def. | izgathatandom or izgatandhatom |
izgathatandod or izgatandhatod |
izgathatandja or izgatandhatja |
izgathatandjuk or izgatandhatjuk |
izgathatandjátok or izgatandhatjátok |
izgathatandják or izgatandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | izgathatandalak or izgatandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | izgathatnék | izgathatnál | izgathatna | izgathatnánk | izgathatnátok | izgathatnának | |
Def. | izgathatnám | izgathatnád | izgathatná | izgathatnánk (or izgathatnók) |
izgathatnátok | izgathatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | izgathatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. izgathatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | izgathassak | izgathass or izgathassál |
izgathasson | izgathassunk | izgathassatok | izgathassanak | |
Def. | izgathassam | izgathasd or izgathassad |
izgathassa | izgathassuk | izgathassátok | izgathassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | izgathassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. izgathatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (izgathatni) | (izgathatnom) | (izgathatnod) | (izgathatnia) | (izgathatnunk) | (izgathatnotok) | (izgathatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | izgatható | Neg. adj. | izgathatatlan | Adv. part. | (izgathatva / izgathatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ izgat in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ See also Verbs and adjectives that behave differently (in English vs. in Hungarian), Által (’By’), on the past participles derived from such verbs, On verbs of emotion, with special regard to their aspectual properties, especially the chart on page 3. In addition, see Thematic relation and Theta role in Wikipedia.
Further reading
[edit]- izgat in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN