irt
Appearance
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Uralic *šure-.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]irt
- (transitive) to exterminate, to extirpate, to eradicate, to slaughter, to destroy
Usage notes
[edit]Not to be confused with írt (“s/he wrote”), spelled with a long í.
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of irt
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | irtok | irtasz | irt | irtunk | irtotok | irtanak | |
Def. | irtom | irtod | irtja | irtjuk | irtjátok | irtják | |||
2nd-p. o. | irtalak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | irtottam | irtottál | irtott | irtottunk | irtottatok | irtottak | ||
Def. | irtottam | irtottad | irtotta | irtottuk | irtottátok | irtották | |||
2nd-p. o. | irtottalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. irtani fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | irték | irtál | irta | irtánk | irtátok | irtának | ||
Def. | irtám | irtád | irtá | irtánk | irtátok | irták | |||
2nd-p. o. | irtálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. irt vala, irtott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | irtandok | irtandasz | irtand | irtandunk | irtandotok | irtandanak | ||
Def. | irtandom | irtandod | irtandja | irtandjuk | irtandjátok | irtandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | irtandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | irtanék | irtanál | irtana | irtanánk | irtanátok | irtanának | |
Def. | irtanám | irtanád | irtaná | irtanánk (or irtanók) |
irtanátok | irtanák | |||
2nd-p. o. | irtanálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. irtott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | irtsak | irts or irtsál |
irtson | irtsunk | irtsatok | irtsanak | |
Def. | irtsam | irtsd or irtsad |
irtsa | irtsuk | irtsátok | irtsák | |||
2nd-p. o. | irtsalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. irtott légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | irtani | irtanom | irtanod | irtania | irtanunk | irtanotok | irtaniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
irtás | irtó | irtott | irtandó | irtva (irtván) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of irt
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | irthatok | irthatsz | irthat | irthatunk | irthattok | irthatnak | |
Def. | irthatom | irthatod | irthatja | irthatjuk | irthatjátok | irthatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | irthatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | irthattam | irthattál | irthatott | irthattunk | irthattatok | irthattak | ||
Def. | irthattam | irthattad | irthatta | irthattuk | irthattátok | irthatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | irthattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | irthaték | irthatál | irthata | irthatánk | irthatátok | irthatának | ||
Def. | irthatám | irthatád | irthatá | irthatánk | irthatátok | irthaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | irthatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. irthat vala, irthatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | irthatandok or irtandhatok |
irthatandasz or irtandhatsz |
irthatand or irtandhat |
irthatandunk or irtandhatunk |
irthatandotok or irtandhattok |
irthatandanak or irtandhatnak | ||
Def. | irthatandom or irtandhatom |
irthatandod or irtandhatod |
irthatandja or irtandhatja |
irthatandjuk or irtandhatjuk |
irthatandjátok or irtandhatjátok |
irthatandják or irtandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | irthatandalak or irtandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | irthatnék | irthatnál | irthatna | irthatnánk | irthatnátok | irthatnának | |
Def. | irthatnám | irthatnád | irthatná | irthatnánk (or irthatnók) |
irthatnátok | irthatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | irthatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. irthatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | irthassak | irthass or irthassál |
irthasson | irthassunk | irthassatok | irthassanak | |
Def. | irthassam | irthasd or irthassad |
irthassa | irthassuk | irthassátok | irthassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | irthassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. irthatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (irthatni) | (irthatnom) | (irthatnod) | (irthatnia) | (irthatnunk) | (irthatnotok) | (irthatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | irtható | Neg. adj. | irthatatlan | Adv. part. | (irthatva / irthatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]Compound words
- bolhairtás, bolhairtó
- csótányirtás, csótányirtó
- egérirtás, egérirtó
- erdőirtás
- féregirtás, féregirtó
- gyomirtás, gyomirtó
- irtószer
- kártevőirtás, kártevőirtó
- légyirtás, légyirtó
- molyirtás, molyirtó
- népirtás
- patkányirtás, patkányirtó
- rágcsálóirtás, rágcsálóirtó
- rovarirtás, rovarirtó
- szúnyogirtás, szúnyogirtó
- tetűirtás, tetűirtó
- tyúkszemirtó
- vírusirtás, vírusirtó
(With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ irt in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- irt in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN