haex

Zhuang

Etymology

From Proto-Tai *C̬.qɯjꟲ (“excrement”).^[1]

In Northern Tai, cognate with Saek ไกฺ.

In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ขี้ (kîi), Northern Thai ᨡᩦ᩶, Lao ຂີ້ (khī), Lü ᦃᦲᧉ (ẋii²), Shan ၶီႈ (khīi), Ahom 𑜁𑜣 (khī).

Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *Caqi (“excrement”).^[2]

Also possibly cognate with Chinese 屎 (shǐ, “excrement”); Modern Thai ขี้ (kîi) was considered cognate with Middle Chinese 屎 (MC śi) by Manomaivibool (1975)^[3] and Old Chinese 屎 (OC qhji') by Gong (2002).^[4]

Bauer (1996) pointed out that khV ("excrement") is quite widespread in Cantonese 𡲢 (ke¹, “poop”), Tai (e.g. Thai ขี้ (kîi)) and Tibeto-Burman (e.g. Zaiwa kʰji²¹, Burmese ချေး (hkye:, “shit”) and Lashi kʰjei⁵⁵) in focusing on modern lexical forms instead of proto forms.^[5] Paul Benedict criticized that the lexical forms Bauer had pulled together as the "same" word were really just "looklike".^[6] Bauer rebutted that it is highly unlikely that the phenomenon of simple coincidence explains the occurrence of so many phonosemantically similar (and identical) forms in so many different languages.^[6]

Compare Sui ggeex, Proto-Kra *kaiꟲ and Proto-Hlai *ɦaːjʔ (whence haːj³ in most modern dialects).

Pronunciation

(Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /hai˦˨/
Tone numbers: hae⁴
Hyphenation: haex

Noun

haex (Sawndip forms 𡱍 [7] or 𭧺 [7] or ⿰未許 [7] or 𣴃 [7] or ⿰米意 [7] or ⿰米亥 [7] or ⿰屎易 [7] or 𡱏 [7], 1957–1982 spelling həiч)

faeces; stool; dung
bodily secretion (earwax, snot, etc.)

Derived terms

References

^ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎^[1], Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 325
^ Ostapirat, Weera (2005) "Kra-dai and Austronesian: notes on phonological correspondences and vocabulary distribution" In Sagart, Laurent; et al. (eds.) The Peopling of East Asia, London; New York: RoutledgeCurzon, pages 111, 122, 124
^ Manomaivibool, Prapin (1975) A Study of Sino-Thai Lexical Correspondences (PhD dissertation), Department of Asian Languages and Literature, University of Washington, pages 194, 207, 317
^ 龚群虎 [Gong, Qunhu] (2002) 汉泰关系词的时间层次 [A Study of Chronological Strata of Sino-Thai Corresponding Lexical Items] (in Chinese), Shanghai: Fudan University Press (复旦大学出版社), pages 91, 176, 210
^ Bauer, Robert S. (1996) "Identifying the Tai substratum in Cantonese" In Pan-Asiatic Linguistics: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics, January 8-10, 1996, Thailand: Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development, Mahidol University, page 1824
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Bauer (1996) (ibid.) page 1836
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 ^7.6 ^7.7 古壮字字典 [Dictionary of Old Zhuang Characters] (in Chinese), Guangxi: Ethnic Publishing House (广西民族出版社), 2012, →ISBN

[1] Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎^[1], Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 325

[2] Ostapirat, Weera (2005) "Kra-dai and Austronesian: notes on phonological correspondences and vocabulary distribution" In Sagart, Laurent; et al. (eds.) The Peopling of East Asia, London; New York: RoutledgeCurzon, pages 111, 122, 124

[3] Manomaivibool, Prapin (1975) A Study of Sino-Thai Lexical Correspondences (PhD dissertation), Department of Asian Languages and Literature, University of Washington, pages 194, 207, 317

[4] 龚群虎 [Gong, Qunhu] (2002) 汉泰关系词的时间层次 [A Study of Chronological Strata of Sino-Thai Corresponding Lexical Items] (in Chinese), Shanghai: Fudan University Press (复旦大学出版社), pages 91, 176, 210

[5] Bauer, Robert S. (1996) "Identifying the Tai substratum in Cantonese" In Pan-Asiatic Linguistics: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics, January 8-10, 1996, Thailand: Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development, Mahidol University, page 1824

[b-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Bauer (1996) (ibid.) page 1836

[a-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 ^7.6 ^7.7 古壮字字典 [Dictionary of Old Zhuang Characters] (in Chinese), Guangxi: Ethnic Publishing House (广西民族出版社), 2012, →ISBN

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