Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwemaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From the aorist subjunctive of Proto-Indo-European *gʷémt, from *gʷem-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʷe.mɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kwemaną

1. to come

Inflection

Conjugation of *kwemaną (strong class 4)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwemō	*kwemaų	—	*kwemai	?
2nd singular	*kwimizi	*kwemaiz	*kwem	*kwemazai	*kwemaizau
3rd singular	*kwimidi	*kwemai	*kwemadau	*kwemadai	*kwemaidau
1st dual	*kwemōz	*kwemaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kwemadiz	*kwemaidiz	*kwemadiz	—	—
1st plural	*kwemamaz	*kwemaim	—	*kwemandai	*kwemaindau
2nd plural	*kwimid	*kwemaid	*kwimid	*kwemandai	*kwemaindau
3rd plural	*kwemandi	*kwemain	*kwemandau	*kwemandai	*kwemaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwam	*kwēmį̄
2nd singular	*kwamt	*kwēmīz
3rd singular	*kwam	*kwēmī
1st dual	*kwēmū	*kwēmīw
2nd dual	*kwēmudiz	*kwēmīdiz
1st plural	*kwēmum	*kwēmīm
2nd plural	*kwēmud	*kwēmīd
3rd plural	*kwēmun	*kwēmīn
	present	past
participles	*kwemandz	*kumanaz

Derived terms

• *bikwemaną
• *forakweman
• *frakwemaną
• *kumiz
• *kumþiz
• *kwēmijaną
• *kwēmiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kweman, *kwuman, *kuman (late)
  • Old English: cuman
    • Middle English: comen, cumen
      • English: come, cum
        • Solombala English: комъ (kom)
      • Scots: cum
      • Yola: coome, come, cum
  • Old Frisian: koma
    • North Frisian:

      Mooring: kaame

      Föhr-Amrum: kem

    • Saterland Frisian: kume
    • West Frisian: komme
  • Old Saxon: kuman, queman, cuman
    • Middle Low German: kōmen, kommen, kamen
      • Low German: kamen
        • Dutch Low Saxon: kommen, kåmen
        • German Low German: komen
          • Plautdietsch: kome
  • Old Dutch: cuman
    • Middle Dutch: cōmen
      • Dutch: komen, kommen
        • Afrikaans: kom
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: kumu
        • Javindo: kom
        • Jersey Dutch: kôme
        • Negerhollands: kom
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: kum, com, come
      • Limburgish: kómme
  • Old High German: queman, chueman, kuman, cuman, chuman
    • Middle High German: quemen, kemen, kümen, kumen, komen
      • Alemannic German: choo, cho, cha

        Italian Walser: cheemen, cheme, cho, chomu, chéeme

      • Bavarian:

        Cimbrian: khemmen, khèmman, ken

        Mòcheno: kemmen

        Udinese: ckeman, kèmmin, khemen

      • Central Franconian: komme, kumme (some Ripuarian dialects, including Kölsch), kun, kunn, konn (Ripuarian; some Moselle Franconian dialects; chiefly dated), kunn, kuun, konn, kumme, komme

        Hunsrik: komme

      • German: kommen
      • Luxembourgish: kommen
      • Rhine Franconian:

        Pennsylvania German: kumme

      • Yiddish: קומען (kumen)
• Old Norse: koma, kuma
  • Icelandic: koma
  • Faroese: koma
  • Norn: cumma
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: koma, komma; (dialectal) kobma, købma, kåmå, kømø
  • Jamtish: kuma
  • Elfdalian: kumå
  • Old Swedish: koma, kuma
    • Swedish: komma
  • Old Danish: komæ, kumæ, kommæ, kummæ, kumbæ
    • Scanian: komma
    • Danish: komme
      • Norwegian Bokmål: komme
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: komme
  • Gutnish: kumme, kumbe
• Crimean Gothic: kommen
• Gothic: 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (qiman)