-ton

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ton"

English

Alternative forms

• -tone
• -town

Etymology

From Middle English -ton, -tone, -tune, from Old English -tūn, derived from Old English tūn (“town”). Doublet of town.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tən/, [tn̩]

Suffix

-ton

1. Place-name suffix, originally denoting a town or enclosure of buildings.

   Washington

2. (mathematics, bridge) A set of specific objects or persons.

   singleton

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -ton

Anagrams

• Not., Ont, not., NTO, TNO, Not, NOT, not, Ont., ONT, on't

Classical Nahuatl

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-toːn/, [-toːn̥]

Suffix

-tōn (plural -totōn)

1. (appended to nouns) a diminutive suffix; forms nouns denoting smallness, and rarely insignificance.

Examples
ahaztli (“a wing”) → ahaztōntli (“a small wing”) chichi (“a dog”) → chichitōn (“a small dog; lap dog”) conētl (“a child”) → conētōntli (“a small child; young child”)

Usage notes

• The diminutive element -tōn is inserted between the noun stem and the absolutive or possessive ending if there is one.
• The suffix -tōn takes the plural form -totōn(tin), undergoing reduplication plus the addition of the plural suffix -tin.

piltōntli (“small child”) → pīpiltotōntin (“small children”)

• If the stem does not take an absolutive suffix (i.e. -tli and its assimilated forms, -tl and -li), the resulting diminutive does not either, and -tin is omitted in the plural.

chichitōn (“small dog”) → chichitotōn (“small dogs”)

• The same can also happen with nouns taking the absolutive -in.

quimichin (“mouse”) → quimichtōn (“small mouse”), but citlālin (“star”) → citlāltōntli (“small star”)

Synonyms

• (diminutive affix): -pīl, tepitōn, -tzin

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “augmentative affix”): huēyi, -pōl

Derived terms

Classical Nahuatl terms suffixed with -ton

References

• Frances Karttunen (1992) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, University of Oklahoma Press, page 247
• James Lockhart (2001) Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts, Stanford University Press, page 240

Finnish

Alternative forms

• -toin (archaic or dialectal)

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-t'oin (compare Estonian -tu), from Proto-Uralic *-ktama (compare Northern Sami -heapme and Moksha -фтома (-ftoma), Erzya -(в)томо (-(v)tomo), Udmurt -тэм (-tem)).

Suffix

-ton (front vowel harmony variant -tön, linguistic notation -tOn)

1. Indicates lack of something; -less, un-, in-, non- etc..

   ‎aika (“time”) + ‎-ton → ‎ajaton (“timeless”)

   ‎järki (“sense”) + ‎-ton → ‎järjetön (“senseless”)

   ‎maku (“taste”) + ‎-ton → ‎mauton (“tasteless”)

   ‎ääri (“border”) + ‎-ton → ‎ääretön (“infinite”)

   ‎suola (“salt”) + ‎-ton → ‎suolaton (“unsalted”)

   ‎maito (“milk”) + ‎-ton → ‎maidoton (“nondairy”)

   ‎syy (“reason, blame”) + ‎-ton → ‎syytön (“innocent”)

Usage notes

Added to the genitive singular (weak grade) stem.

Declension

Inflection of -ton (Kotus type 34*C/onneton, tt-t gradation)
nominative		-ton	-ttomat
genitive		-ttoman	-ttomien
partitive		-tonta	-ttomia
illative		-ttomaan	-ttomiin
		singular	plural
nominative		-ton	-ttomat
accusative	nom.	-ton	-ttomat
	gen.	-ttoman
genitive		-ttoman	-ttomien -tonten rare
partitive		-tonta	-ttomia
inessive		-ttomassa	-ttomissa
elative		-ttomasta	-ttomista
illative		-ttomaan	-ttomiin
adessive		-ttomalla	-ttomilla
ablative		-ttomalta	-ttomilta
allative		-ttomalle	-ttomille
essive		-ttomana	-ttomina
translative		-ttomaksi	-ttomiksi
abessive		-ttomatta	-ttomitta
instructive		—	-ttomin
comitative		—	-ttomine

Possessive forms of -ton (Kotus type 34*C/onneton, tt-t gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -ttomani -ttomani accusative nom. -ttomani -ttomani gen. -ttomani genitive -ttomani -ttomieni -tonteni rare partitive -tontani -ttomiani inessive -ttomassani -ttomissani elative -ttomastani -ttomistani illative -ttomaani -ttomiini adessive -ttomallani -ttomillani ablative -ttomaltani -ttomiltani allative -ttomalleni -ttomilleni essive -ttomanani -ttominani translative -ttomakseni -ttomikseni abessive -ttomattani -ttomittani instructive — — comitative — -ttomineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -ttomasi -ttomasi accusative nom. -ttomasi -ttomasi gen. -ttomasi genitive -ttomasi -ttomiesi -tontesi rare partitive -tontasi -ttomiasi inessive -ttomassasi -ttomissasi elative -ttomastasi -ttomistasi illative -ttomaasi -ttomiisi adessive -ttomallasi -ttomillasi ablative -ttomaltasi -ttomiltasi allative -ttomallesi -ttomillesi essive -ttomanasi -ttominasi translative -ttomaksesi -ttomiksesi abessive -ttomattasi -ttomittasi instructive — — comitative — -ttominesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -ttomamme -ttomamme accusative nom. -ttomamme -ttomamme gen. -ttomamme genitive -ttomamme -ttomiemme -tontemme rare partitive -tontamme -ttomiamme inessive -ttomassamme -ttomissamme elative -ttomastamme -ttomistamme illative -ttomaamme -ttomiimme adessive -ttomallamme -ttomillamme ablative -ttomaltamme -ttomiltamme allative -ttomallemme -ttomillemme essive -ttomanamme -ttominamme translative -ttomaksemme -ttomiksemme abessive -ttomattamme -ttomittamme instructive — — comitative — -ttominemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -ttomanne -ttomanne accusative nom. -ttomanne -ttomanne gen. -ttomanne genitive -ttomanne -ttomienne -tontenne rare partitive -tontanne -ttomianne inessive -ttomassanne -ttomissanne elative -ttomastanne -ttomistanne illative -ttomaanne -ttomiinne adessive -ttomallanne -ttomillanne ablative -ttomaltanne -ttomiltanne allative -ttomallenne -ttomillenne essive -ttomananne -ttominanne translative -ttomaksenne -ttomiksenne abessive -ttomattanne -ttomittanne instructive — — comitative — -ttominenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -ttomansa -ttomansa accusative nom. -ttomansa -ttomansa gen. -ttomansa genitive -ttomansa -ttomiensa -tontensa rare partitive -tontaan -tontansa -ttomiaan -ttomiansa inessive -ttomassaan -ttomassansa -ttomissaan -ttomissansa elative -ttomastaan -ttomastansa -ttomistaan -ttomistansa illative -ttomaansa -ttomiinsa adessive -ttomallaan -ttomallansa -ttomillaan -ttomillansa ablative -ttomaltaan -ttomaltansa -ttomiltaan -ttomiltansa allative -ttomalleen -ttomallensa -ttomilleen -ttomillensa essive -ttomanaan -ttomanansa -ttominaan -ttominansa translative -ttomakseen -ttomaksensa -ttomikseen -ttomiksensa abessive -ttomattaan -ttomattansa -ttomittaan -ttomittansa instructive — — comitative — -ttomineen -ttominensa

Antonyms

• -llinen

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ton

See also

• -maton

Anagrams

• -nto

Swedish

Suffix

-ton

1. -teen (suffix for the numbers 13 to 19)

Derived terms

• tonår

See also the translations for thirteen to nineteen.