-isa

See also: Appendix:Variations of "isa"

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-isa, possibly from Proto-Uralic. Related to Estonian -s (such as in jõudus (gen. jõudsa) ~ joutuisa), Ingrian -isa, Votic -sõ.

Suffix

-isa (front vowel harmony variant -isä, linguistic notation -isA)

1. A suffix for making adjectives from some nouns and verbs.

   ‎kaiku (“echo”) + ‎-isa → ‎kaikuisa (“reverberant”)

   ‎myrsky (“storm”) + ‎-isa → ‎myrskyisä (“stormy”)

Declension

Inflection of -isa (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		-isa	-isat
genitive		-isan	-isien
partitive		-isaa	-isia
illative		-isaan	-isiin
		singular	plural
nominative		-isa	-isat
accusative	nom.	-isa	-isat
	gen.	-isan
genitive		-isan	-isien -isain rare
partitive		-isaa	-isia
inessive		-isassa	-isissa
elative		-isasta	-isista
illative		-isaan	-isiin
adessive		-isalla	-isilla
ablative		-isalta	-isilta
allative		-isalle	-isille
essive		-isana	-isina
translative		-isaksi	-isiksi
abessive		-isatta	-isitta
instructive		—	-isin
comitative		—	-isine

Possessive forms of -isa (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -isani -isani accusative nom. -isani -isani gen. -isani genitive -isani -isieni -isaini rare partitive -isaani -isiani inessive -isassani -isissani elative -isastani -isistani illative -isaani -isiini adessive -isallani -isillani ablative -isaltani -isiltani allative -isalleni -isilleni essive -isanani -isinani translative -isakseni -isikseni abessive -isattani -isittani instructive — — comitative — -isineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -isasi -isasi accusative nom. -isasi -isasi gen. -isasi genitive -isasi -isiesi -isaisi rare partitive -isaasi -isiasi inessive -isassasi -isissasi elative -isastasi -isistasi illative -isaasi -isiisi adessive -isallasi -isillasi ablative -isaltasi -isiltasi allative -isallesi -isillesi essive -isanasi -isinasi translative -isaksesi -isiksesi abessive -isattasi -isittasi instructive — — comitative — -isinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -isamme -isamme accusative nom. -isamme -isamme gen. -isamme genitive -isamme -isiemme -isaimme rare partitive -isaamme -isiamme inessive -isassamme -isissamme elative -isastamme -isistamme illative -isaamme -isiimme adessive -isallamme -isillamme ablative -isaltamme -isiltamme allative -isallemme -isillemme essive -isanamme -isinamme translative -isaksemme -isiksemme abessive -isattamme -isittamme instructive — — comitative — -isinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -isanne -isanne accusative nom. -isanne -isanne gen. -isanne genitive -isanne -isienne -isainne rare partitive -isaanne -isianne inessive -isassanne -isissanne elative -isastanne -isistanne illative -isaanne -isiinne adessive -isallanne -isillanne ablative -isaltanne -isiltanne allative -isallenne -isillenne essive -isananne -isinanne translative -isaksenne -isiksenne abessive -isattanne -isittanne instructive — — comitative — -isinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -isansa -isansa accusative nom. -isansa -isansa gen. -isansa genitive -isansa -isiensa -isainsa rare partitive -isaansa -isiaan -isiansa inessive -isassaan -isassansa -isissaan -isissansa elative -isastaan -isastansa -isistaan -isistansa illative -isaansa -isiinsa adessive -isallaan -isallansa -isillaan -isillansa ablative -isaltaan -isaltansa -isiltaan -isiltansa allative -isalleen -isallensa -isilleen -isillensa essive -isanaan -isanansa -isinaan -isinansa translative -isakseen -isaksensa -isikseen -isiksensa abessive -isattaan -isattansa -isittaan -isittansa instructive — — comitative — -isineen -isinensa

Synonyms

• -kas

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -isa

• -iso

 

Anagrams

• -ias, ais, sai

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-isa. Cognates include Finnish -isa and Estonian -s.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-isɑ/, [-is̠ɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-isɑ/, [-iʒ̥ɑ]

Suffix

-isa (front vowel variant -isä)

1. Used to form adjectives denoting an abundance of the suffixed noun.

   ‎maku (“taste”) + ‎-isa → ‎makuisa (“tasty”)

2. Used to form adjectives denoting having undergone the action of the suffixed verb.

   ‎kuulua (“to be heard”) + ‎-isa → ‎kuuluisa (“famous”)

Declension

Declension of -isa (type 3/koira, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-isa	-isat
genitive	-isan	-isiin
partitive	-isaa	-isia
illative	-isaa	-isii
inessive	-isaas	-isiis
elative	-isast	-isist
allative	-isalle	-isille
adessive	-isaal	-isiil
ablative	-isalt	-isilt
translative	-isaks	-isiks
essive	-isanna, -isaan	-isinna, -isiin
exessive1)	-isant	-isint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -isa

See also

• -kas

Kongo

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

Suffix

-isa

1. Form causative verbs

Phuthi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

Suffix

-isa

1. Forms causative verbs.

Usage notes

The variant form -îsa is used with stems containing superclose vowels.

Derived terms

Phuthi terms suffixed with -isa

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

Suffix

-isa

1. Forms causative verbs.

Derived terms

Southern Ndebele terms suffixed with -isa

Swazi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

Suffix

-isa

1. Forms causative verbs.

Derived terms

Swazi terms suffixed with -isa

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

Suffix

-isa

1. Forms causative verbs.

Derived terms

Xhosa terms suffixed with -isa

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

Suffix

-isa

1. Forms causative verbs.

Derived terms

Zulu terms suffixed with -isa

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-isa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-isa”