-et

See also: Appendix:Variations of "et"

English

Etymology

Inherited from Middle English -et, from Old French -et.

Suffix

-et

Used to form diminutives, loosely construed.

Albanian

Suffix

-et n

Forms active verbs into mediopassive verbs. Indicating 3rd person singular, indicative, present: it is; (it) -s; (it) is -ing/-n/-ed/-t
active verbs ending with consonant:
‎merr (“it takes”) + ‎-et → ‎merret (“it is taken”)
merret
(it) is taken

active verbs ending with vowels (adding -h in between to avoid palatalisation):
‎lë (“it lets, leaves”) + ‎-h + ‎-et → ‎lihet (“it is left”)
lihet vetëm
it is left alone

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin -ittus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈɛt]
IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈət]
IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈet]

Suffix

-et m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ets)

forms diminutives or endearing variants of nouns
‎llaç (“knot, loop”) + ‎-et → ‎llacet (diminutive)

‎formatge (“cheese”) + ‎-et → ‎formatget (diminutive)

‎rei (“king”) + ‎-et → ‎reiet (diminutive)

‎roda (“wheel”) + ‎-et → ‎rodet (“reel, spool”)

Suffix

-et (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -eta, masculine plural -ets, feminine plural -etes)

forms diminutives or endearing variants of adjectives
‎poc (“little”) + ‎-et → ‎poquet (“very little”)

Derived terms

Catalan terms suffixed with -et

Danish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /əð/, [ð̩], [ð̩˕˗ˠ]

Suffix

-et

Forms past participles of some verbs, like -t.
Forms the definite singular of most neuter nouns.
Forms adjectives from nouns with the sense of "like [noun]"; -esque.
‎snerpe (“prude”) + ‎-et → ‎snerpet (“prudish”)
Forms adjectives from nouns with the sense of "having [noun], being equipped with [noun]".
‎mønster (“pattern”) + ‎-et → ‎mønstret (“patterned”)

‎to (“two”) + ‎sprog (“language”) + ‎-et → ‎tosproget (“bilingual”)

Derived terms

Danish terms suffixed with -et

Emilian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /et/

Pronoun

-et (personal)

(enclitic, after a consonant) Alternative form of et
(enclitic, after a consonant) Alternative form of te

Related terms

Emilian personal pronouns (weak forms)

Number	Person	Gender	Proclitic				Enclitic				Aphetic
Number	Person	Gender	N	A	D	R	N	A	D	R	N	A	D	R
Singular	First	—	aj-	m’			-ja	-em			-ja	-m
	Second	—	t-	t’			-et				-t
	Third	Masculine	l-		g’	s’	-el		-eg	-es	-l		-g	-s
	Third	Feminine	l’		g’	s’	-la		-eg	-es	-la		-g	-s
Plural	First	—	aj-	s’			-ja	-es			-ja	-s
	Second	—	aj-	v’			-ev				-v
	Third	Masculine	j-		g’	s’	-i		-eg	-es	-j		-g	-s
	Third	Feminine	elj-		g’	s’	-li		-eg	-es	-li		-g	-s

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French -et, from Old French -et, from Late Latin -ittus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛ/
Audio: (file)

Suffix

-et m (feminine -ette)

suffix indicating diminution or affection

Derived terms

French terms suffixed with -et

Descendants

→? Galician: -ete, -eta
→ Spanish: -ete

Hungarian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɛt]
Rhymes: -ɛt

Etymology 1

From -e- +‎ -t (causative suffix).

Suffix

-et

(causative suffix) Added to a verb (or extremely rarely to a noun) to form a verb with a meaning of letting, making somebody do something or having something done to someone or something.
Synonyms: -tat/-tet, -aszt/-eszt/-öszt, -jt/-ajt/-ejt, -ít, -dít, (obsolete in this sense) -t

‎néz (“to look”) + ‎-et → ‎nézet (“to have something (like a body part) looked at (by a doctor) or (less commonly) to make someone look at something”)

‎ég (“to burn”) (intransitive) + ‎-et → ‎éget (“to make something burn or (less commonly) to have someone burn something”)

‎mér (“to measure”) + ‎-et → ‎méret (“to make someone measure something or to have something measured”)

Usage notes

(causative suffix) Variants:
-at is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
‎vár (“to wait”) + ‎-at → ‎várat (“to have someone wait”)

-et is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
‎kér (“to ask for”) + ‎-et → ‎kéret (“to have someone ask(ed) for; to summon someone [by ordering a servant to fetch him/her]”)

-tat is added to back-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
‎tisztít (“to clean”) + ‎-tat → ‎tisztíttat (“to have someone clean or to have something cleaned”)

-tet is added to front-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
‎keres (“to look for”) + ‎-tet → ‎kerestet (“to have someone look(ed) for”)

Derived terms

Hungarian verbs suffixed with -et

Etymology 2

From -e- +‎ -t (noun-forming suffix).

Suffix

-et (noun-forming suffix)

Added to a verb to form a noun, expressing the result of the action or sometimes a more abstract relation (compare -ás/-és).
Synonym: -mány/-mény

Usage notes

(noun-forming suffix) Variants:
-at is added to back-vowel verbs
‎gondol (“to think”) + ‎-at → ‎gondolat (“a thought, an idea”)

‎mond (“to say”) + ‎-at → ‎mondat (“sentence”)

-et is added to front-vowel verbs
‎dicsér (“to praise”) + ‎-et → ‎dicséret (“praise, commendation”)

‎él (“to live”) + ‎-et → ‎élet (“life”)

‎ítél (“to judge”) + ‎-et → ‎ítélet (“judgment”)

‎mér (“to measure”) + ‎-et → ‎méret (“measurement, size”)

Derived terms

Hungarian nouns suffixed with -et

Etymology 3

Pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (cf. postpositions)
ed	suffix	who?	what?	this	that	he/she (it)*
case	suffix	who?	what?	this	that	he/she (it)*	v. pr.	c.
nom.	–	ki	mi	ez	az	ő* / -∅ az / -∅	–	–
acc.	-t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt	kit	mit	ezt	azt	őt* / -∅ azt / -∅	–	c₁ c₂
dat.	-nak / -nek	kinek	minek	ennek	annak	neki	neki-	c
ins.	-val / -vel	kivel	mivel	ezzel/ evvel	azzal/ avval	vele		c
c-f.	-ért	kiért	miért	ezért	azért	érte	–	c
tra.	-vá / -vé	kivé	mivé	ezzé	azzá	–	–	c
ter.	-ig	–	meddig	eddig	addig	–	–	c
e-f.	-ként	(kiként)	(miként)	ekként	akként	–	–	c
e-m.	-ul / -ül	–	–	–	–	–	–	c
ine.	-ban / -ben	kiben	miben	ebben	abban	benne	–	c
sup.	-n/-on/-en/-ön	kin	min	ezen	azon	rajta	(rajta-)	c
ade.	-nál / -nél	kinél	minél	ennél	annál	nála	–	c
ill.	-ba / -be	kibe	mibe	ebbe	abba	bele	bele-	c
sub.	-ra / -re	kire	mire	erre	arra	rá	rá-	c
all.	-hoz/-hez/-höz	kihez	mihez	ehhez	ahhoz	hozzá	hozzá-	c
el.	-ból / -ből	kiből	miből	ebből	abból	belőle	–	c
del.	-ról / -ről	kiről	miről	erről	arról	róla	–	c
abl.	-tól / -től	kitől	mitől	ettől	attól	tőle	–	c
: Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise. – Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All »*

From -e- (linking vowel) +‎ -t (accusative suffix).

Suffix

-et (accusative case suffix)

Unrounded front-vowel variant of -t. See details there.
‎kert (“garden”) + ‎-et → ‎kertet (“garden”)

Láttam egy gyönyörű kertet. ― I saw a beautiful garden.

Usage notes

(accusative case suffix): It can be added to nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns. Whether a suffix-initial vowel (linking vowel) will be used is hard to predict and thus needs to be learned with each word. A rule of thumb, however, is that older and shorter words tend to incorporate a vowel, rather than simply use -t. Variants:
-t is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final -o in foreign words changes to -ó-.

-ot is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant

-at is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

-et is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant

-öt is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

-∅ (zero form), optionally, after possessive suffixes, especially in the singular but sometimes also in the plural (and not infrequently after multiple-possession forms as well), except for the third-person singular (“his/her/its”, -ja/-je) as its omission would not reduce the number of syllables.
Elviszem a kabátom(at/∅), kabátod(at/∅); kabátunk(at/∅), kabátotok(at/∅), kabátjuk(at/∅); kabátjaim(at/∅) etc.
I’ll take my coat, your coat; our coat, [plural] your coat, their coat; my coats etc.

It is also omitted usually from the accusative forms of first- and second-person singular personal pronouns (engem, téged (“me, you”)).

Hungarian case suffixes

Case	Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú	Front vowel
Case	Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú	unrounded e, é, i, í	rounded ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative	—
accusative	-t
accusative	-ot / -at	-et	-öt
dative	-nak	-nek
instrumental	-val	-vel
causal-final	-ért
translative	-vá	-vé
terminative	-ig
essive-formal	-ként
essive-modal	-ul	-ül
inessive	-ban	-ben
superessive	-n
superessive	-on	-en	-ön
adessive	-nál	-nél
illative	-ba	-be
sublative	-ra	-re
allative	-hoz	-hez	-höz
elative	-ból	-ből
delative	-ról	-ről
ablative	-tól	-től
Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként

Etymology 4

From -etik (passive-forming suffix), removing the ending.

Suffix

-et

Combining form of -etik (passive-forming suffix) before all inflectional and derivational suffixes, except the dictionary form itself, the indefinite third-person singular present indicative
küldetik (“to be sent”) → küldetés (“mission”).

Usage notes

(combining forms of the passive-forming suffix) Variants: -at-, -et-, -tat-, -tet- (from -atik, -etik, -tatik, -tetik), as well as the tautological (doubly suffixed) forms -attat-, -ettet- (from -attatik, -ettetik). See more in the template of the full forms of this suffix.

Latin

Alternative forms

-ꝫ (abbreviation, Medieval Latin)
-& (abbreviation, Medieval Latin, uncommon)

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /et/, [ɛt̪]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /et/, [ɛt̪]
Homophone: et

Suffix

-et

third-person singular present active subjunctive of -ō (first conjugation)

Middle English

Etymology

Borrowed from Old French -et, and its feminine variant -ette, from Late Latin -ittus (and the other gender forms -itta, -ittum).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /it/, /ɛt/

Suffix

-et

Forms diminutive nouns from nouns; in some words, it has lost its original meaning.

Derived terms

Middle English terms suffixed with -et

Descendants

English: -et

References

“-et, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-08-04.

Middle French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French -et.

Suffix

-et

Used to form a diminutive, masculine noun.

Descendants

French: -et

Northern Sami

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Samic *-ëjëtēk.

Pronunciation

(Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈ-eh(t)/

Suffix

-et

Forms momentane verbs.
‎njuikut (“to jump around”) + ‎-et → ‎njuiket (“to jump once”)

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the strongest grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Inflection

Contracted e-stem, no gradation
infinitive	-et
1st sing. present	-en
1st sing. past	-ejin
infinitive	-et	action noun	-en
present participle	-ejeaddji	action inessive	-emin -eme
past participle	-en	action elative	-emis
agent participle	—	action comitative	-emiin
		abessive	-ekeahttá
	present indicative	past indicative	imperative
1st singular	-en	-ejin	-ejēhkon
2nd singular	-et	-ejit	-e
3rd singular	-e	-ii	-ejēhkos
1st dual	-ejetne	-iime	-ejeadnu -ejeahkku
2nd dual	-ebeahtti	-iide	-ejeahkki
3rd dual	-eba	-iiga	-ejēhkoska
1st plural	-et	-iimet	-ejētnot -ejēhkot -ejeahkkot -ejeadnot
2nd plural	-ebēhtet	-iidet	-ejēhket
3rd plural	-ejit	-ejedje	-ejēhkoset
connegative	-e	-en	-e
	conditional 1	conditional 2	potential
1st singular	-ešin -ešedjen	-elin -eledjen	-ežan
2nd singular	-ešit -ešedjet	-elit -eledjet	-ežat
3rd singular	-ešii	-elii	-eža -eš
1st dual	-ešeimme	-eleimme	-ežetne
2nd dual	-ešeidde	-eleidde	-ežeahppi
3rd dual	-ešeigga	-eleigga	-ežeaba
1st plural	-ešeimmet	-eleimmet	-ežit -ežat
2nd plural	-ešeiddet	-eleiddet	-ežēhpet
3rd plural	-eše -ešedje	-ele -eledje	-ežit
connegative	-eše	-ele	-eš

Derived terms

Northern Sami terms suffixed with -et

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Norse -it.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ə/
Reduced final -e is lost before the suffix; both forms are then pronounced the same (e.g., hode and hodet).

Suffix

-et

Forms the definite singular of neuter nouns.

Related terms

det (article, pronoun; t also silent)
-t (adjective suffix; t pronounced)

Etymology 2

Derived from Danish -et (past participle suffix), generalised to the past tense (Danish -ede) through influence of native Norwegian dialects.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ət/

Suffix

-et

Forms the past tense and past participle of class-1 weak verbs.
Synonym: -a

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Inherited from Old Norse -óttr.

Noun

-et (definite singular and plural -ete)

(pre-2012) alternative form of -ete

Derived terms

Norwegian Nynorsk terms suffixed with -et

Anagrams

et, te

Old English

Alternative forms

-ett, -ot, -ut, -yt

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-atti, *-itti, *-utti, from Proto-Germanic *-atją, *-itją, *-utją.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /et/

Suffix

-et n

suffix forming nouns from verbs, adjectives, and other nouns (sometimes causes i-mutation)
þēowot ― service, religious service, ministry

grafet ― trench

bærnet ― a burning, combustion, cauterizing

emnet ― level ground, leveling

þiccet ― thicket

rēwet ― rowing; ship, row-boat

rȳmet ― space, clearance, extension

swefet, sweofot ― sleep; sleeping

þyrnet ― thicket of thorns, thorny place

Usage notes

-ot was originally used with class 2 weak verbs in -ian ← *-ojan (from Proto-Germanic *-ōną). Confer usages for -od, -ung, -oþ, -ol, -or.

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	-et	-ettu
accusative	-et	-ettu
genitive	-ettes	-etta
dative	-ette	-ettum

Descendants

English: thicket

Old French

Etymology 1

Inherited from Late Latin -ittus.

Suffix

-et

Used to form a diminutive, masculine noun.

Descendants

Middle French: -et
- French: -et

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin -ātus.

Suffix

-et

(12th century and before) Alternative form of -é (suffix used to form past participles of regular -er verbs)

Romanian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin -ētum. Cognate with Italian -eto, French -aie.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈet/

Suffix

-et n (plural -eturi or -ete)

Used with plant or tree names to form names of orchards, woods, forests, or groves.
brad (“fir tree”) → brădet (“fir-tree forest”)

ulm (“elm”) → ulmet (“elm forest”)

fag (“beech”) → făget (“beech forest”)

Declension

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
	singular		plural
nominative-accusative	-et	-etul	-eturi	-eturile
genitive-dative	-et	-etului	-eturi	-eturilor
vocative	-etule		-eturilor

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
	singular		plural
nominative-accusative	-et	-etul	-ete	-etele
genitive-dative	-et	-etului	-ete	-etelor
vocative	-etule		-etelor

Derived terms

Romanian terms suffixed with -et

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin -itus. No longer productive.

Alternative forms

-ăt

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /et/ (stressed on the antepenultimate)

Suffix

-et n (plural -ete)

(unproductive) Used to form nouns derived from the action of some verbs.
zâmbi (“to smile”) → zâmbet (“a smile”)

zbiera (“to scream”) → zbieret (“a scream”)

Declension

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
	singular		plural
nominative-accusative	-et	-etul	-ete	-etele
genitive-dative	-et	-etului	-ete	-etelor
vocative	-etule		-etelor

Derived terms

Romanian terms suffixed with -et

Romanian terms suffixed with -ăt

Swedish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛt/

Suffix

-et

Suffix for definite form singular of neuter nouns, especially if they end with consonant or a stressed vowel.
Suffix for the neuter form of past participles of verbs belonging to the fourth declension (strong verbs). This may be analyzed as two morphemes: a combination of the suffix -en for past participle and -t for neuter, where the n of the first suffix disappears. Such an analysis is historically correct.

Synonyms

(nonstandard; slang) 1

Anagrams

-te, te

Volapük

Suffix

-et

Used to indicate a consequential or concrete example.

Derived terms

Volapük terms suffixed with -et

Welsh

Alternative forms

-set

Pronunciation

(North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ɛt/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /at/
(South Wales) IPA^(key): /ɛt/

Suffix

-et

(colloquial) verb suffix for the second-person singular conditional

Derived terms

Category Welsh terms suffixed with -et not found

English

Etymology

Suffix

Derived terms

Related terms

See also

Anagrams

Albanian

Suffix

See also

Catalan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Suffix

Derived terms

Danish

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

Emilian

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Related terms

French

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

Descendants

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Further reading

Etymology 2

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Suffix

Usage notes

Etymology 4

Suffix

Usage notes

See also

Latin

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Suffix

Middle English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Middle French

Etymology

Suffix

Descendants

Northern Sami

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Usage notes

Inflection

Derived terms

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Suffix

Related terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Suffix

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology