𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *firinōną. By surface analysis, 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌰 (fairina) +‎ -𐍉𐌽 (-ōn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfɛrinoːn/

Verb

𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 • (fairinōn)

1. to accuse, blame
   • 2 Corinthians 8:20:

     𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰, 𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐍉𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐌿𐌽𐍃;

     biwandjandans þata, ibai ƕas uns fairinōdēdi in digrein þizai andbahtidōn fram uns;

     Avoiding this, that no man should blame us in this abundance which is administered by us: (KJV)

   • 2 Timothy 3:3:

     𐌿𐌽𐌷𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹, 𐌿𐌽𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹, 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃, 𐌿𐌽𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍃𐌹𐌺, 𐌿𐌽𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌹, 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌴𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹,

     unhunslagai, unmildjai, fairinōndans, ungahabandans sik, unmanarigwai, unsēljai,

     Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good, (KJV)

2. to attack (used to translate a metaphorical use of κατεσθίω (katesthíō, “eat up, devour”))
   • Galatians 5:15:

     𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍉 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌸, 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌹𐌸, 𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍉 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿.

     iþ jabai izwis missō beitiþ jah fairrinōþ, saiƕiþ, ibai fram izwis missō fraqimaindau.

     But if ye bite and devour one another, take heed that ye be not consumed one of another. (KJV)

Conjugation

A variant spelling 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌸 (fairrinōþ) is attested instead of the expected (and unattested) spelling 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌸 (fairinōþ).

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 fairinōn
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉 fairinō	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰 fairinōda	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰 fairinōda
2nd singular	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍃 fairinōs	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐍃 fairinōdēs	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌶𐌰 fairinōza
3rd singular	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌸 fairinōþ	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰 fairinōda	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰 fairinōda
1st dual	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍃 fairinōs	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 fairinōdēdu	—
2nd dual	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍄𐍃 fairinōts	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 fairinōdēduts	—
1st plural	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌼 fairinōm	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 fairinōdēdum	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰 fairinōnda
2nd plural	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌸 fairinōþ	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 fairinōdēduþ	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰 fairinōnda
3rd plural	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳 fairinōnd	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 fairinōdēdun	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰 fairinōnda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉 fairinō	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 fairinōdēdjau	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿 fairinōdau
2nd singular	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍃 fairinōs	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 fairinōdēdeis	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌶𐌰𐌿 fairinōzau
3rd singular	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉 fairinō	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 fairinōdēdi	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿 fairinōdau
1st dual	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍅𐌰 fairinōwa	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 fairinōdēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍄𐍃 fairinōts	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 fairinōdēdeits	—
1st plural	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌼𐌰 fairinōma	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 fairinōdēdeima	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 fairinōndau
2nd plural	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌸 fairinōþ	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 fairinōdēdeiþ	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 fairinōndau
3rd plural	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌰 fairinōna	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 fairinōdēdeina	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 fairinōndau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉 fairinō
3rd singular	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿 fairinōdau
2nd dual	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍄𐍃 fairinōts
2nd plural	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌸 fairinōþ
3rd plural	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 fairinōndau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 fairinōnds	𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃 fairinōþs

Derived terms

• 𐌿𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃 (ungafairinōþs)
• 𐌿𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (ungafairinōnds)
• 𐌿𐌽𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰 (unfairinōdaba)

 

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 31