같다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆮ〮ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: kóthòtá), from root ᄀᆞᆮ〮— (kót-, “to be like”) + ᄒᆞ— (hò-, “to do”) (Modern 하— (ha-)) + —다 (-da). Compare Japanese 如し (gotoshi, “like; as if”).

1447, 《용비어천가》 제6장

西水ㅅ ᄀᆞ〯ᅀᅵ〮 져재〮 ᄀᆞᆮ〮ᄒᆞ니〮

Also attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᇀ〮다〮 (Yale: kóth.tá).

Cognate with Jeju ᄀᆞᇀ다 (gawtda).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠t̚t͈a̠]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [갇따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	gatda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	gatda
McCune–Reischauer?	katta
Yale Romanization?	kathta

Adjective

같다 • (gatda) (infinitive 같아, sequential 같으니)

1. (to be) the same

   같은 말을 되풀이하다

   gateun mar-eul doepurihada

   to say the same thing over and over

   Audio (South Korea):

   (file)

   너의 어머니와 같다

   neo-ui eomeoni-wa gatda

   the same as your mother

   Audio (South Korea):

   (file)

2. (to be) like or similar (often used with 와 (wa)/과 (gwa))
   1. (used in the determinative form 같은 (gateun)) (to be) like; such as (indicates belonging to a similar group)

      비빔밥이나 떡볶이 같은 음식을 제일 좋아하셔. ― Bibimbab-ina tteokbokki gateun eumsig-eul jeil joahasyeo. ― They like foods like bibimbap or tteokbokki the most.

3. (to) look like; (to) resemble

   이 식물은 민들레 같다

   i singmur-eun mindeulle gatda

   This plant looks like a dandelion

   1. (used in the construction 을 것 같다 (-eul geot gatda)) to be something that one can guess, predict

      비가 올 것 같다.

      bi-ga ol geot gatda.

      It looks like it will rain.

      Audio (South Korea):

      (file)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 같다 (gatda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	같다 gatda	같아 gata	같아요 gatayo	같습니다 gatseumnida
	Past	같았다 gatatda	같았어 gatasseo	같았어요 gatasseoyo	같았습니다 gatatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	같으냐 gateunya	같아 gata	같아요 gatayo	같습니까 gatseumnikka
	Past	같았냐 gatannya	같았어 gatasseo	같았어요 gatasseoyo	같았습니까 gatatseumnikka
Assertive		같겠다 gatgetda	같겠어 gatgesseo	같겠어요 gatgesseoyo	같겠습니다 gatgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		같아 gata	같아서 gataseo	같으니 gateuni	같으니까 gateunikka
Contrast		같지만 gatjiman	같은데 gateunde	같더니 gatdeoni
Conjunction		같고 gatgo
Condition		같으면 gateumyeon	같아야 gataya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		같음 gateum	같기 gatgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		같았음 gatasseum	같았기 gatatgi
Determiners	Present		같은 gateun
	Future		같을 gateul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	같으시다 gateusida	같으셔 gateusyeo	같으세요, 같으셔요 gateuseyo, gateusyeoyo	같으십니다 gateusimnida
	Past	같으셨다 gateusyeotda	같으셨어 gateusyeosseo	같으셨어요 gateusyeosseoyo	같으셨습니다 gateusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	같으시냐 gateusinya	같으셔 gateusyeo	같으세요, 같으셔요 gateuseyo, gateusyeoyo	같으십니까 gateusimnikka
	Past	같으셨냐 gateusyeonnya	같으셨어 gateusyeosseo	같으셨어요 gateusyeosseoyo	같으셨습니까 gateusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		같으시겠다 gateusigetda	같으시겠어 gateusigesseo	같으시겠어요 gateusigesseoyo	같으시겠습니다 gateusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		같으셔 gateusyeo	같으셔서 gateusyeoseo	같으시니 gateusini	같으시니까 gateusinikka
Contrast		같으시지만 gateusijiman	같으신데 gateusinde	같으시더니 gateusideoni
Conjunction		같으시고 gateusigo
Condition		같으시면 gateusimyeon	같으셔야 gateusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		같으심 gateusim	같으시기 gateusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		같으셨음 gateusyeosseum	같으셨기 gateusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		같으신 gateusin
	Future		같으실 gateusil

Synonyms

• (obsolete) 닿다 (data)
• (obsolete) 답다 (dapda)

Antonyms

• 다르다 (dareuda)

Derived terms

• (adverb) 같이 (gachi)
• (particle) 같이 (-gachi)
• (determiner) 같은 (gateun)
• 같잖다 (gatjanta)
• 똑같다 (ttokgatda)