馬車

See also: 马车

Chinese

		horse; surname	vehicle on land; car; machine vehicle on land; car; machine; to shape with a lathe
trad. (馬車)		馬	車
simp. (马车)		马	车
anagram		車馬／车马

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): mǎchē

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˇ ㄔㄜ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ma³ ce¹

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мачә (mačə, II-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): maa⁵ ce¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): mâ-chhâ

  (Hailu, HRS): ma^ˋ cha^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ma¹ ca¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): ma² ce¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bé-chhia / bée-chhia

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bhê² cia¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵mo-tso

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mǎchē
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˇ ㄔㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mǎche
    • Wade–Giles: ma³-chʻê¹
    • Yale: mǎ-chē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maache
    • Palladius: мачэ (mačɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ma³ ce¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: maace
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma⁵³ t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мачә (mačə, II-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰə²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: maa⁵ ce¹
    • Yale: máh chē
    • Cantonese Pinyin: maa⁵ tse¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ma⁵ cé¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maː¹³ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mâ-chhâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: ma^ˊ ca^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ma¹ ca¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ma²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰa²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: ma^ˋ cha^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /ma⁵³ t͡ʃʰa⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ma¹ ca¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ma⁴⁴ t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ma² ce¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ma⁵³ t͡sʰɤ¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bé-chhia
    • Tâi-lô: bé-tshia
    • Phofsit Daibuun: befchiaf
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Singapore): /be⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bée-chhia
    • Tâi-lô: bée-tshia
    • IPA (Penang): /bɛ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡sʰia³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bhê² cia¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bé tshia
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /be⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰia³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵mo-tso
    • MiniDict: 'mo^去 tso
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²'mo-tso
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mo³³ t͡so⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: maeX tsyhae

Rime
Character	馬	車
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	莫下切	尺遮切
Baxter	maeX	tsyhae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠaX/	/t͡ɕʰia/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚaX/	/t͡ɕʰia/
Shao Rongfen	/maX/	/t͡ɕʰia/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨX/	/cʰia/
Li Rong	/maX/	/t͡ɕʰia/
Wang Li	/maX/	/t͡ɕʰĭa/
Bernhard Karlgren	/maX/	/t͡ɕʰi̯a/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǎ	chē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	maa5	ce1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤraʔ  [t.qʰ](r)A/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mraːʔ  kʰlja/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	馬	車
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mǎ	chē
Middle Chinese	‹ mæX ›	‹ tsyhæ ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁraʔ/	/*[t.qʰ](r)A/
English	horse	chariot
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	馬	車
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	8715	1311
Phonetic component	馬	車
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	馬	車
Old Chinese	/*mraːʔ/	/*kʰlja/

Noun

馬車

1. (countable) any type of horse-drawn carriage (Classifier: 輛／辆 m; 架 m)

   • 凡馬車堅，甲兵利，輕乃重。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     凡马车坚，甲兵利，轻乃重。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Methods of the Sima, circa 4^th century BCE

     Fán mǎchē jiān, jiǎbīng lì, qīng nǎi zhòng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

• 馬車夫／马车夫 (mǎchēfū)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (馬車):

• → Japanese: 馬(ば)車(しゃ) (basha)
• → Korean: 마차(馬車) (macha)

Others:

• → Indonesian: becak
• → Malay: beca

Japanese

Kanji in this term
馬	車
ば Grade: 2	しゃ Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ばしゃ [báꜜshà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ba̠ɕa̠]

Noun

馬(ば)車(しゃ) • (basha) 

1. horse-drawn carriage, horse-drawn wagon, horse-drawn cart

See also

• 車(しゃ)馬(ば) (shaba)
• 馬(ば)車(しゃ)馬(うま) (bashauma)

Korean

Hanja in this term
馬	車

Noun

馬車 • (macha) (hangeul 마차)

1. hanja form^? of 마차 (“horse-drawn carriage, horse-drawn wagon, horse-drawn cart”)