頂
| ||||||||
Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
頂 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+2, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一弓一月金 (MNMBC), four-corner 11286, composition ⿰丁頁)
Derived characters
[edit]Related characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1399, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43335
- Dae Jaweon: page 1915, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4355, character 3
- Unihan data for U+9802
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 頂 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 顶 | |
| alternative forms | 𩠑 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 頂 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 圢 | *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋʔ |
| 町 | *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ, *deːŋʔ |
| 打 | *rteŋʔ, *teːŋʔ |
| 盯 | *rteŋʔ, *rdeŋ |
| 朾 | *rteːŋ, *rdeːŋ |
| 丁 | *rteːŋ, *teːŋ |
| 玎 | *rteːŋ, *teːŋ |
| 虰 | *rdeːŋ, *tʰeŋ, *teːŋ |
| 揨 | *rdeːŋ |
| 釘 | *teːŋ, *teːŋs |
| 靪 | *teːŋ, *teːŋʔ |
| 仃 | *teːŋ |
| 叮 | *teːŋ |
| 疔 | *teːŋ |
| 頂 | *teːŋʔ |
| 奵 | *teːŋʔ |
| 耵 | *teːŋʔ |
| 酊 | *teːŋʔ |
| 葶 | *teːŋʔ, *deːŋ |
| 矴 | *teːŋs |
| 訂 | *teːŋs, *tʰeːŋ, *deːŋʔ |
| 飣 | *teːŋs |
| 汀 | *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs |
| 艼 | *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ |
| 庁 | *tʰeːŋ |
| 婷 | *deːŋ |
| 停 | *deːŋ |
| 聤 | *deːŋ |
| 渟 | *deːŋ |
| 楟 | *deːŋ |
| 亭 | *deːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːŋʔ) : phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part”) (STEDT). The sense “damn” is a clipping of 頂你個肺／顶你个肺 (ding2 nei5 go3 fai3).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): din3
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): din3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): di3 / ding3
- Northern Min (KCR): děng
- Eastern Min (BUC): dīng / tīng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): din3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄥˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dǐng
- Wade–Giles: ting3
- Yale: dǐng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diing
- Palladius: дин (din)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiŋ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: din3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: din
- Sinological IPA (key): /tin⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: deng2 / ding2
- Yale: déng / díng
- Cantonese Pinyin: deng2 / ding2
- Guangdong Romanization: déng2 / ding2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɛːŋ³⁵/, /tɪŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- deng2 - vernacular;
- ding2 - literary.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: en2 / iang2
- Sinological IPA (key): /en⁵⁵/, /iaŋ⁵⁵/
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: din3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tin²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: táng / tín
- Hakka Romanization System: dangˋ / dinˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: dang3 / din3
- Sinological IPA: /taŋ³¹/, /tin³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: di3 / ding3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ti⁴⁵/, /tiŋ⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: děng
- Sinological IPA (key): /teiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dīng / tīng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiŋ³³/, /tʰiŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: din3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tin⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: tengX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤeŋʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*teːŋʔ/
Definitions
[edit]頂
- top of the head; crown
- top; peak
- to carry on the head
- to prop up; to support (from below)
- to substitute; to replace
- to retort; to talk back
- to butt; to strike (with the head)
- to withstand; to confront
- most; exceedingly; best
- Classifier for objects with a top, such as hats and palanquins. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
- (Southern Min) Classifier for vehicles. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
- (Southern Min) in front; ahead; above; before; previously
- (chiefly Mainland China, Internet slang) to "bump" a forum thread to raise its profile; like; upvote
- (Cantonese, mildly vulgar) damn!
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 頂 (“(classifier for hats)”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 頂 (“(classifier for canopies, mosquito nets, etc.)”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 頂, 床, 個 | |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 頂 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 頂 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 頂 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 頂 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 堂 |
| Dongguan | 堂 | |
| Gan | Lichuan | 頂 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 領, 個 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 頂 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 頂 | |
| Suzhou | 頂 | |
| Danyang | 頂 | |
| Hangzhou | 頂 | |
| Wenzhou | 頂 | |
Dialectal synonyms of 頂 (“(classifier for palanquins)”) [map]
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “to upvote”): 踩 (cǎi)
Compounds
[edit]- 一頂／一顶
- 三華聚頂／三华聚顶
- 丹頂鶴／丹顶鹤 (dāndǐnghè)
- 五雷轟頂／五雷轰顶
- 倒楣透頂／倒楣透顶
- 冒名頂替／冒名顶替 (màomíngdǐngtì)
- 出頂／出顶
- 千斤頂／千斤顶 (qiānjīndǐng)
- 卸頂／卸顶
- 圓頂／圆顶 (yuándǐng)
- 坪頂／坪顶 (Píngdǐng)
- 大頂風／大顶风
- 天頂／天顶 (tiāndǐng)
- 封頂／封顶 (fēngdǐng)
- 小頂人／小顶人
- 屋頂／屋顶 (wūdǐng)
- 屋頂花園／屋顶花园
- 山頂／山顶 (shāndǐng)
- 山頂洞人／山顶洞人
- 崁頂／崁顶 (kàndǐng)
- 平頂／平顶
- 戴頂子／戴顶子
- 拿大頂／拿大顶 (nádàdǐng)
- 挨三頂五／挨三顶五
- 捱三頂五／捱三顶五
- 捱三頂四／捱三顶四
- 摩頂／摩顶 (módǐng)
- 摩頂受戒／摩顶受戒
- 摩頂受記／摩顶受记
- 摩頂放踵／摩顶放踵
- 摩頂至足／摩顶至足
- 摩頂至踵／摩顶至踵
- 朝頂／朝顶 (cháodǐng)
- 朱頂／朱顶
- 束帶頂冠／束带顶冠
- 樓頂／楼顶 (lóudǐng)
- 歇頂／歇顶
- 沒頂／没顶 (mòdǐng)
- 泰山壓頂／泰山压顶
- 滅頂／灭顶 (mièdǐng)
- 滅頂之災／灭顶之灾 (mièdǐngzhīzāi)
- 滿頂／满顶
- 灌頂／灌顶 (guàndǐng)
- 灰頂／灰顶
- 灼背燒頂／灼背烧顶
- 烏雲著頂／乌云著顶
- 無聊透頂／无聊透顶
- 焚香頂禮／焚香顶礼
- 片雲遮頂／片云遮顶
- 白頂鶴／白顶鹤
- 盝頂／盝顶
- 磨踵滅頂／磨踵灭顶
- 磨頂至踵／磨顶至踵
- 秀頂／秀顶
- 禿頂／秃顶 (tūdǐng)
- 紅頂商人／红顶商人 (hóngdǐng shāngrén)
- 紅頂子／红顶子 (hóngdǐngzi)
- 絕頂／绝顶 (juédǐng)
- 絕頂天／绝顶天
- 絕頂聰明／绝顶聪明
- 罳頂／罳顶
- 聰明絕頂／聪明绝顶 (cōngmíngjuédǐng)
- 脫帽露頂／脱帽露顶
- 腦瓜頂兒／脑瓜顶儿
- 華頂峰／华顶峰
- 號頂／号顶
- 角頂／角顶
- 透頂／透顶 (tòudǐng)
- 醍醐灌頂／醍醐灌顶 (tíhúguàndǐng)
- 金剛頂經／金刚顶经
- 雀頂／雀顶
- 頂丁／顶丁
- 頂下／顶下
- 頂上／顶上
- 頂上功夫／顶上功夫
- 頂事／顶事 (dǐngshì)
- 頂你個肺／顶你个肺 (dǐng nǐ ge fèi)
- 頂兇／顶凶
- 頂刀頭／顶刀头
- 頂名／顶名
- 頂名代告／顶名代告
- 頂名冒姓／顶名冒姓
- 頂呱呱／顶呱呱 (dǐngguāguā)
- 頂喪駕靈／顶丧驾灵
- 頂嘴／顶嘴 (dǐngzuǐ)
- 頂城門／顶城门
- 頂多／顶多 (dǐngduō)
- 頂天／顶天 (dǐngtiān)
- 頂天履地／顶天履地
- 頂天立地／顶天立地 (dǐngtiānlìdì)
- 頂夸克 (dǐngkuākè)
- 頂好／顶好 (dǐnghǎo)
- 頂子／顶子
- 頂子床／顶子床
- 頂客族／顶客族
- 頂尖／顶尖 (dǐngjiān)
- 頂尖好手／顶尖好手
- 頂峰／顶峰 (dǐngfēng)
- 頂戴／顶戴 (dǐngdài)
- 頂技／顶技
- 頂拜／顶拜
- 頂括括／顶括括
- 頂搭／顶搭
- 頂撞／顶撞 (dǐngzhuàng)
- 頂數／顶数
- 頂替／顶替 (dǐngtì)
- 頂格／顶格 (dǐnggé)
- 頂梁柱 (dǐngliángzhù)
- 頂棚／顶棚 (dǐngpéng)
- 頂樓／顶楼 (dǐnglóu)
- 頂橦踏索／顶橦踏索
- 頂牛／顶牛
- 頂珠／顶珠
- 頂瓜皮／顶瓜皮
- 頂用／顶用 (dǐngyòng)
- 頂癮／顶瘾 (dǐngyǐn)
- 頂盤／顶盘
- 頂真／顶真 (dǐngzhēn)
- 頂真續麻／顶真续麻
- 頂磚頭／顶砖头
- 頂福／顶福 (Dǐngfú)
- 頂禮／顶礼 (dǐnglǐ)
- 頂禮膜拜／顶礼膜拜 (dǐnglǐmóbài)
- 頂窩兒／顶窝儿
- 頂端／顶端 (dǐngduān)
- 頂線／顶线
- 頂缸／顶缸 (dǐnggāng)
- 頂罟／顶罟 (Dǐnggǔ)
- 頂罪／顶罪 (dǐngzuì)
- 頂老／顶老
- 頂膛火／顶膛火
- 頂角／顶角
- 頂讓／顶让 (dǐngràng)
- 頂輩宗圖／顶辈宗图
- 頂針／顶针 (dǐngzhēn)
- 頂針捱住／顶针捱住
- 頂門／顶门
- 頂門主顧／顶门主顾
- 頂門壯戶／顶门壮户
- 頂門子／顶门子
- 頂門棍／顶门棍
- 頂門腰軟／顶门腰软
- 頂門針／顶门针
- 頂陽骨／顶阳骨
- 頂頭／顶头
- 頂頭上司／顶头上司
- 頂顛／顶颠
- 頂顙／顶颡
- 頂風／顶风 (dǐngfēng)
- 頂首／顶首
- 頂點／顶点 (dǐngdiǎn)
- 頭頂／头顶 (tóudǐng)
- 頭頂球／头顶球
- 頭頂頭／头顶头
- 顱頂葉／颅顶叶
- 鶴頂紅／鹤顶红
- 鹿頂／鹿顶
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #8038”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]頂
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)←ちやう (tyau, historical)
- Kan-on: てい (tei)
- Kun: いただく (itadaku, 頂く, Jōyō)、いただき (itadaki, 頂, Jōyō)
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
Noun
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 頂 |
| いただき Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
- the top
- 山の頂
- yama no itadaki
- the top of a mountain
- 頂に立つ
- itadaki ni tatsu
- stand on the top
- 山の頂
Antonyms
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 頂 (MC tengX). Recorded as Middle Korean 뎌ᇰ (tyeng) (Yale: tyeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]
頂 (eumhun 정수리 정 (jeongsuri jeong))
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]頂: Hán Nôm readings: đính, đảnh, đỉnh, điếng, đuểnh
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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