開放

See also: 开放

Chinese

		open; operate (vehicle); start	to release; to free; to let go to release; to free; to let go; to put; to place; to let out
trad. (開放)		開	放
simp. (开放)		开	放
anagram		放開／放开

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kāifàng

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ ㄈㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi¹ fong³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khôi-fong
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khai-hòng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kai¹ huang³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kāifàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ ㄈㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kaifàng
    • Wade–Giles: kʻai¹-fang⁴
    • Yale: kāi-fàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaifanq
    • Palladius: кайфан (kajfan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoi¹ fong³
    • Yale: hōi fong
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoi¹ fong³
    • Guangdong Romanization: hoi¹ fong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ fɔːŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khôi-fong
    • Hakka Romanization System: koi^ˊ fong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: koi¹ fong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ foŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khai-hòng
    • Tâi-lô: khai-hòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qai'hoxng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai³³ hɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kai¹ huang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khai huàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai³³⁻²³ huaŋ²¹³/

Verb

開放

1. to be open (to the public)

   正常開放／正常开放  ―  zhèngcháng kāifàng  ―  to be open as normal

   施工期間，恕不開放。 [MSC, trad.]
   施工期间，恕不开放。 [MSC, simp.]

   Shīgōng qījiān, shù bù kāifàng. [Pinyin]

   Construction in progress — temporarily closed.

2. to lift a ban or restriction; to liberalize
3. (of a flower) to open out
4. to be turned on; to be in operation
5. (archaic) to set free; to release (of prisoners)

Synonyms

• (to open out): 放 (fàng), 開／开 (kāi)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “to open”): 封閉／封闭 (fēngbì), 封鎖／封锁 (fēngsuǒ), 鎖／锁 (suǒ)

Adjective

開放

1. open

   開放存取期刊／开放存取期刊  ―  kāifàng cúnqǔ qīkān  ―  open access journal

2. public
3. liberal; open-minded

Derived terms

• 改革開放／改革开放 (Gǎigé Kāifàng)
• 門戶開放政策／门户开放政策 (ménhù kāifàng zhèngcè)
• 開放式／开放式 (kāifàngshì)
• 開放時間／开放时间 (kāifàng shíjiān)
• 開放獲取／开放获取 (kāifàng huòqǔ)
• 開放系統／开放系统 (kāifàng xìtǒng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (開放):

• → Japanese: 開放(かいほう) (kaihō)
• → Korean: 개방(開放) (gaebang)
• → Vietnamese: khai phóng (開放)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
開	放
かい Grade: 3	ほう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Noun

開(かい)放(ほう) • (kaihō) 

1. openness, not being closed
2. openness, allowing free entry and exit
3. openness, frankness

Verb

開(かい)放(ほう)する • (kaihō suru) suru (stem 開(かい)放(ほう)し (kaihō shi), past 開(かい)放(ほう)した (kaihō shita))

1. open a door etc.
2. open, allow freedom of entry and exit
3. be open and frank

Conjugation

Conjugation of "開放する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	開放し	かいほうし	kaihō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	開放し	かいほうし	kaihō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	開放する	かいほうする	kaihō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	開放する	かいほうする	kaihō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	開放すれ	かいほうすれ	kaihō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	開放せよ¹ 開放しろ²	かいほうせよ¹ かいほうしろ²	kaihō seyo¹ kaihō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	開放される	かいほうされる	kaihō sareru
Causative	開放させる 開放さす	かいほうさせる かいほうさす	kaihō saseru kaihō sasu
Potential	開放できる	かいほうできる	kaihō dekiru
Volitional	開放しよう	かいほうしよう	kaihō shiyō
Negative	開放しない	かいほうしない	kaihō shinai
Negative continuative	開放せず	かいほうせず	kaihō sezu
Formal	開放します	かいほうします	kaihō shimasu
Perfective	開放した	かいほうした	kaihō shita
Conjunctive	開放して	かいほうして	kaihō shite
Hypothetical conditional	開放すれば	かいほうすれば	kaihō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
開	放

Noun

開放 • (gaebang) (hangeul 개방)

1. hanja form^? of 개방 (“liberalization”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
開	放

Adjective

開放

1. chữ Hán form of khai phóng (“liberal”).