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辟

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 闢
辟 U+8F9F, 辟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F9F
← 辞
[U+8F9E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 辠 →
[U+8FA0]

Translingual

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Han character

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辟 (Kangxi radical 160, 辛+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 尸口卜廿十 (SRYTJ), four-corner 70641, composition ⿰𡰪辛)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1251, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38642
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1730, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4037, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+8F9F

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 辟
alternative forms 避 (to avoid-Hokkien)

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (辟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嬖 *peːɡs
薜 *beːɡs, *preːɡ
鐾 *beːɡs
臂 *peɡs
譬 *pʰeɡs
避 *beɡs
檗 *preːɡ
擘 *preːɡ
糪 *preːɡ, *pʰreːɡ
掰 *preːɡ
繴 *breːɡ, *peːɡ
辟 *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ
璧 *peɡ
鐴 *peɡ
躄 *peɡ
襞 *peɡ
僻 *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ
癖 *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ
廦 *pʰeɡ, *peːɡ
擗 *beɡ
躃 *beɡ
闢 *beɡ
壁 *peːɡ
鼊 *peːɡ
霹 *pʰeːɡ
劈 *pʰeːɡ
澼 *pʰeːɡ
憵 *pʰeːɡ
甓 *beːɡ
鷿 *beːɡ
幦 *mbeːɡ

In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 䇂 (“sickle-like tool”) – to administer; to regulate; to punish.

〇 was sometimes added, though its function is disputed:

  • Lin (1920) suggests that it represents “bind; restrain”.
  • Luo (1927) suggests that it is the original character for 璧 (OC *peɡ, “jade annulus”) and that 辟 is the early form of 璧, with 〇 as the semantic component and ⿰卩䇂 as the phonetic component. Chi (2010), based on this theory, proposes that 〇 acted as a phonetic component in 辟 instead.
  • Yu (1999) suggests that it is a decorative component with no meaning.

〇 was later corrupted into 口 or 日. Shuowen interprets 口 as representing the enforcer of the law.

In the bronze script from the Warring States period, forms where 䇂 is corrupted to 辛 begin to appear (Chi, 2010).

Officially adopted as the simplified form of 闢 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956 due to homophony and shared semantic fields.

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • phiah - vernacular (“to avoid”);
  • pek/piak, phek/phiak - literary.
    Rime
    Character 辟
    Reading # 1/3
    Initial (聲) 並 (3)
    Final (韻) 昔 (123)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 房益切
    Baxter bjiek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/biᴇk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/biɛk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/biæk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/biajk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/biɛk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/bĭɛk̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/bʱi̯ɛk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		bí
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		bik6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 辟 辟 辟
    Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		bì bì bì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ bek › ‹ bjiek › ‹ pjiek ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[b]ˁek/ /*[N]-pek/ /*pek/
    English inner coffin law, rule; lawful ruler, prince

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 辟 辟
    Reading # 1/3 3/3
    No. 675 684
    Phonetic
    component         		辟 辟
    Rime
    group         		錫 錫
    Rime
    subdivision         		0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		辟 擗
    Old
    Chinese         		/*peɡ/ /*beɡ/
    Definitions
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    辟

    1. (literary) monarch; sovereign
    2. (literary) government official; minister
    3. (literary) to rule; to govern
    4. (literary) crime
    5. to summon; to appoint to an official position
    6. to remove; to drive out
    7. (literary) to avoid; to hide; to dodge
      alt. forms: 避 (bì)
    8. (literary) lame in the leg
      alt. forms: 躄 (bì)
    Compounds
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    Pronunciation 2

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    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 辟
    Mandarin Beijing /pi⁵¹/
    Harbin /pʰi²¹³/
    Tianjin /pʰi⁵³/
    Jinan /pi²¹/
    Qingdao /pʰi⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /pʰi²⁴/
    /pi³¹²/
    Xi'an /pʰi⁵³/
    Xining /pʰji⁵³/
    Yinchuan /pʰi⁵³/
    Lanzhou /pʰi¹³/
    Ürümqi /pi²¹³/
    Wuhan /pʰi²¹³/
    Chengdu /pʰi³¹/
    /pʰie³¹/
    Guiyang /pʰi²¹/
    Kunming /pʰi³¹/
    Nanjing /piʔ⁵/
    Hefei /pʰiəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /piəʔ²/
    Pingyao /pʰiʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /pʰiəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /pʰiɪʔ⁵/
    /piɪʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /pʰiəʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /pʰiəʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /pi²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /pʰiʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /pi⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /pʰi²⁴/
    Xiangtan /pʰi²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang
    Hakka Meixian /pʰit̚¹/
    Taoyuan /pʰit̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /pʰek̚⁵/
    Nanning /pʰek̚⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /pʰek̚⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /pik̚³²/
    /pʰik̚³²/ 復～
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /piʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pʰi²⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /pʰek̚²/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /fek̚⁵/
    Rime
    Character 辟
    Reading # 3/3
    Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
    Final (韻) 昔 (123)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 芳辟切
    Baxter phjiek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pʰiᴇk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pʰiɛk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/pʰiæk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/pʰiajk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/pʰiɛk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/pʰĭɛk̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/pʰi̯ɛk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		pi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		pik1
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 辟
    Reading # 2/3
    No. 682
    Phonetic
    component         		辟
    Rime
    group         		錫
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		僻
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pʰeɡ/
    Definitions
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    辟

    1. (literary) law; (specifically) penal code
    2. to open
      alt. forms: 闢／辟 (pì)
    3. to open up
      alt. forms: 闢／辟 (pì)
    4. (literary) to make an analogy
      alt. forms: 譬 (pì)
    5. (literary) to thump one's chest
      alt. forms: 擗 (pǐ)
    6. (literary) to show bias; to be partial
    7. (literary) remote
      alt. forms: 僻
    8. (literary) eccentric; perverted
      alt. forms: 僻
    9. (literary) a tool for catching animals
      alt. forms: 繴 (bì)
    Compounds
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    Etymology 2

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    For pronunciation and definitions of 辟 – see 闢 (“to open; to settle; to develop; to open up”).
    (This character is the simplified form of 闢).
    Notes:

    Etymology 3

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    For pronunciation and definitions of 辟 – see 弭 (“to stop; to put an end to; to remove; bow decorated with bone or ivory at the ends; etc.”).
    (This character is a variant form of 弭).

    Etymology 4

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    For pronunciation and definitions of 辟 – see 僻 (“to avoid; to evade; unorthodox; etc.”).
    (This character is the second-round simplified form of 僻).
    Notes:

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    辟

    (Hyōgai kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings

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    Korean

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    Hanja

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    辟 • (baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi) (hangeul 백, 벽, 피, 비, 미, revised baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi, McCune–Reischauer paek, pyŏk, p'i, bi, mi, Yale payk, pyek, phi, pi, mi)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    辟: Hán Nôm readings: vếch, tích, bích, thịch, tịch, phích, thí

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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