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衛

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 衞 and 卫
衛 U+885B, 衛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-885B
← 衚
[U+885A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 衜 →
[U+885C]

Translingual

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Han character

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衛 (Kangxi radical 144, 行+9 in Chinese, 行+10 in Japanese, 15 strokes in Chinese, 16 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 竹人木手弓 (HODQN), four-corner 21221 or 21506, composition ⿴行韋 or ⿲彳韋亍)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1109, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34073
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1574, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 845, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+885B

Chinese

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trad. 衛/衞
simp. 卫
alternative forms 䘙
𠀄

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 衛
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷads) : semantic 行 + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 衛
Mandarin Beijing /uei⁵¹/
Harbin /uei²¹³/
Tianjin /vei⁵³/
Jinan /vei²¹/
Qingdao /ve⁴²/
Zhengzhou /uei³¹²/
Xi'an /uei⁴⁴/
Xining /uɨ²¹³/
Yinchuan /vei⁵³/ 保～
/vei¹³/ ～生
Lanzhou /vei³¹/
Ürümqi /vei²¹³/
Wuhan /uei³⁵/
Chengdu /uei¹³/
Guiyang /uei²¹³/
Kunming /uei²¹²/
Nanjing /uəi⁴⁴/
Hefei /ue⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /vei⁴⁵/
Pingyao /uei³⁵/
Hohhot /vei⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦue²³/
Suzhou /ɦue̞³¹/
Hangzhou /ɦui¹³/
Wenzhou /vu²²/
Hui Shexian /ue²²/
Tunxi /ue¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /uei⁵⁵/
/uei¹¹/
Xiangtan /uəi⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /ui²¹/
Hakka Meixian /vi⁵³/
Taoyuan /vui⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐi²²/
Nanning /wɐi²²/
Hong Kong /wɐi²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ue²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /uɔi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /y⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ue³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hui³⁵/
Rime
Character 衛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 祭 (38)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 于歲切
Baxter hjwejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠiuᴇiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷᵚieiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣiuæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦjwiajH/
Li
Rong 		/ɣjuɛiH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭwɛiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯wɛiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wèi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wai6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 衛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wèi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjwejH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷ(r)a[t]-s/
English to guard

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 衛
Reading # 1/1
No. 12964
Phonetic
component 		衛
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		衞
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷads/
Notes 金文象四圍巡衛，
與韋有異

Definitions

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衛

  1. to guard; to protect; to defend
  2. security guard
  3. (～國) the State of Wey during the Zhou dynasty, located in modern-day northeastern Henan province
  4. Short for 衛生／卫生 (wèishēng, “hygiene; health”).
  5. Short for 衛生間／卫生间 (wèishēngjiān, “toilet; bathroom”).
  6. (astronomy) satellite (in satellite names)
    土衛六／土卫六  ―  Tǔwèiliù  ―  Titan
  7. a surname
    衛立煌／卫立煌  ―  Wèi Lìhuáng  ―  Wei Lihuang (Chinese general who served the Nationalist government)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

衛

Kyūjitai

衞

Kanji

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衛

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 衞)

  1. defense
  2. protection

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
衛
えい
Grade: 5
kan'on
Alternative spelling
衞 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 衛 (MC hjwejH).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Affix

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衛(えい) • (ei) ←ゑい (wei)?

  1. defend; protect; guard

Proper noun

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衛(えい) • (Ei) ←ゑい (Wei)?

  1. (historical) Wey (state)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
衛
え
Grade: 5
goon
Alternative spelling
衞 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 衛 (MC hjwejH).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Affix

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衛(え) • (e) ←ゑ (we)?

  1. (rare) defend; protect; guard

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
衛
まもる
Grade: 5
nanori
Alternative spelling
衞 (kyūjitai)

Proper noun

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衛(まもる) • (Mamoru) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Hanja

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衛 (eumhun 지킬 위 (jikil wi))

  1. hanja form? of 위 (“protection”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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衛: Hán Nôm readings: vệ, về

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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