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華

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 华 and 崋
華 U+83EF, 華
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83EF
← 菮
[U+83EE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 菰 →
[U+83F0]

華 U+FAB4, 華
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAB4
← 荒
[U+FAB3] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 蝹 →
[U+FAB5]

Translingual

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Han character

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華 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8 in traditional Chinese, 艸+7 in mainland China and Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese in traditional Chinese, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, 11 strokes in Korean, cangjie input 廿一廿十 (TMTJ), four-corner 44504, composition ⿱艹⿻丅⿱艹二)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1039, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31119
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1497, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3213, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+83EF

Chinese

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trad. 華
simp. 华
alternative forms 𠌶
𦻏
蕐
䔢
𦾓

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 華
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (華) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鞾 *qʰʷa
華 *qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs
譁 *qʰʷraː
樺 *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs
嘩 *ɡʷraː
驊 *ɡʷraː
鏵 *ɡʷraː
崋 *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs

Pictogram (象形) ; this was the original form of 花 (OC *hʷraː, “flower”). In the bronze inscription form, the top part of the glyph resembles flowers of a plant, and the bottom part (于) resembles its stalk and leaves. Also phono-semantic (形聲／形声) , with 于 (OC *ɢʷa) functioning as the phonetic part. In the seal script, 艸 (“grass; plant”) was added as a semantic component.

華 (𦻏) and 𠌶 were initially the same character, but they were erroneously split in Shuowen into two entries.

Pronunciation 1

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Note: waa4-2 - used in names.
Note: ê6 - only used in 華美／华美, a village in Chao'an, Guangdong.
Rime
Character 華
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 麻 (99)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 戸花切
Baxter hwae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠua/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣua/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwaɨ/
Li
Rong 		/ɣua/
Wang
Li 		/ɣwa/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣwa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huá
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		waa4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 華
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huá
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*N-qʷʰˁra/
English flower (v.); flowery (adj.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 華
Reading # 2/3
No. 5312
Phonetic
component 		華
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		華
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡʷraː/
Notes 說文於聲

Definitions

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華

  1. brilliance; magnificence
    光華／光华  ―  guānghuá  ―  brilliance
  2. (good) times; years; period
    年華／年华  ―  niánhuá  ―  good times
  3. young; youthful
  4. literary grace; talent for literature
  5. prestige; status; fame
  6. colourful; brilliant (especially of carvings and decorations)
  7. magnificent; gorgeous; resplendent
    華麗／华丽  ―  huálì  ―  gorgeous; splendid
  8. delicious; tasty
  9. essence; quintessence
    含英咀華／含英咀华  ―  hányīngjǔhuá  ―  to savour the merits of a literary work
  10. (honorific) your; your honourable
    華誕／华诞  ―  huádàn  ―  birthday; your birthday
  11. (exalted) Short for 華夏／华夏 (Huáxià): land of illustrious clothing and grand ritual—China; Chinese culture
    訪華／访华  ―  fǎnghuá  ―  to visit China
    駐華大使館／驻华大使馆  ―  zhùhuá dàshǐguǎn  ―  embassy in China
    華僑/華人／华侨/华人  ―  huáqiáo / huárén  ―  Chinese residing abroad
  12. Short for 漢語／汉语 (Hànyǔ, “Chinese language”).
  13. luxuriant; flourishing; prosperous
    繁華／繁华  ―  fánhuá  ―  prosperous
  14. noble; influential; eminent
  15. grey (of hair)
  16. flashy; extravagant; showy; ostentatious; florid
    華而不實／华而不实  ―  huá'érbùshí  ―  flashy and without substance
  17. face powder
    鉛華／铅华  ―  qiānhuá  ―  lead face powder
  18. (historical, obsolete) cover of a carriage
  19. (obsolete) fruit (of a cucurbit plant)
  20. Alternative form of 譁／哗 (“noisy”)

Synonyms

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  • (China):

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (華):
  • → Japanese: 華(か) (ka)
  • → Korean: 화(華) (hwa)
  • → Vietnamese: hoa (華)

Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 華
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 麻 (99)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 呼瓜切
Baxter xwae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hˠua/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hʷᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xua/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hwaɨ/
Li
Rong 		/xua/
Wang
Li 		/xwa/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xwa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		faa1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 華
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xwæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʷʰˁra/
English flower (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 華
Reading # 1/3
No. 5308
Phonetic
component 		華
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		華
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰʷraː/

Definitions

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華

  1. Alternative form of 花 (huā, “flower; blossom”)
  2. to flower; to blossom
  3. (traditional Chinese medicine) flower pulse; weak pulse
  4. to be dim-sighted; to be dazzled
  5. to dissect; to cut up

Compounds

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Pronunciation 3

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Rime
Character 華
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 麻 (99)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 胡化切
Baxter hwaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠuaH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷᵚaH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwaɨH/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuaH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣwaH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣwaH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huà
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		waa6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 華
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huà
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwæH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷˁra-s/
English [name of a mountain]

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 華
Reading # 3/3
No. 5316
Phonetic
component 		華
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		摦
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡʷraːs/
Notes 華山、同崋

Definitions

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華

  1. (～山) Mount Hua (a mountain in Shaanxi)
  2. Original form of 樺／桦 (huà, “birch”).
  3. a surname
    華羅庚／华罗庚  ―  Huà Luógēng  ―  Hua Luogeng (mathematician)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 華
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]
華󠄂
華+&#xE0102;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
華󠄃
華+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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華

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. flower
  2. flashiness
  3. brilliance, shine
  4. beauty, splendor
  5. fine, white powder
  6. China, Chinese
  7. sixty-one-year-old; kanreki

Readings

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From Middle Chinese 華 (MC xwae); compare Mandarin 華／华 (huā):

  • Go-on: け (ke, Jōyō †)←け (ke, historical)←くゑ (kwe, ancient)
  • Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←くわ (kwa, historical)

From Middle Chinese 華 (MC hwae); compare Mandarin 華／华 (huá):

From Middle Chinese 華 (MC hwaeH); compare Mandarin 華／华 (huà):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
華
か
Grade: S
kan'on

/kua/ → /kʷa/ → /ka/

From Middle Chinese 華 (MC hwae).

Pronunciation

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  • Some dictionaries apparently classify this reading as either goon or kan'yōon.

Noun

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華(か) • (ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

  1. flashiness, showiness
    Synonym: 虚飾 (kyoshoku)
Idioms
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Proper noun

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華(か) • (Ka) ←くわ (Kwa)?

  1. a surname
  2. a male or female given name

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
華
はな
Grade: S
kun'yomi

/pana/ → /fana/ → /hana/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pana.

Pronunciation

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For pronunciation and definitions of 華 – see the following entry.
【花はな】1
[noun] a flower
[noun] Short for 生け花 (ikebana): flower arrangement
[noun] Short for 花札 (hanafuda): Japanese playing cards
[noun] the best days of one's life
[noun] the best thing
[noun] essence
(This term, 華, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Derived terms

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Derived terms

Idiom

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Proverb

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  1. 枯木(こぼく)華(はな)開(ひら)く (koboku hana hiraku)

Proper noun

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華(はな) • (Hana) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

References

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  1. ^ “華”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1826 (paper), page 965 (digital)
  3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1033 (paper), page 529 (digital)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

華 • (hwa) (hangeul 화)

  1. bright; colorful

Vietnamese

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Han character

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華: Hán Việt readings: hoa (戶(hộ)花(hoa)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
華: Nôm readings: hoa[1][2][3][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of Hoa (“Hoa people”).

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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