耶穌

See also: 耶蘇 and 耶稣

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (耶穌)		耶	穌
simp. (耶稣)		耶	稣
alternative forms		耶蘇／耶苏

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), possibly via Latin Iesus or Jēsū and other European languages. Doublet of 伊伊穌斯／伊伊稣斯 (Yīyīsūsī).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Yēsū, Yésū

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝ ㄙㄨ, ㄧㄝˊ ㄙㄨ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): je⁴ sou¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): yie³ lhu^1*

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Yâ-sû

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ya² su¹

• Northern Min (KCR): Iǎ-sú
• Eastern Min (BUC): Ià-sŭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Iâ-so͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ia⁵ sou¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ya₆-su₁; ⁶ya-su₁; ¹ia-su₁

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Yēsū
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄝ ㄙㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yesu
    • Wade–Giles: yeh¹-su¹
    • Yale: yē-sū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iesu
    • Palladius: есу (jesu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Yésū
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˊ ㄙㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yésu
    • Wade–Giles: yeh²-su¹
    • Yale: yé-sū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yesu
    • Palladius: есу (jesu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ³⁵ su⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: je⁴ sou¹
    • Yale: yèh sōu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: je⁴ sou¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yé⁴ sou¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛː²¹ sou̯⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: yie³ lhu^1*
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiɛ²² ɬu³³⁻³³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Yâ-sû
    • Hakka Romanization System: ia^ˊ su^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ya¹ su¹
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Yâ-sû
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ia^ˊ su^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ya¹ su¹
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ya² su¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ia¹¹ su⁴⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Iǎ-sú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia²¹ su⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Ià-sŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(s-)lu⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Iâ-so͘
    • Tâi-lô: Iâ-soo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iasof
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ia²⁴⁻²² sɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ia²⁴⁻²² sɔ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ia¹³⁻²² sɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ia²⁴⁻¹¹ sɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ia²³⁻³³ sɔ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ia⁵ sou¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iâ sou
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sou³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹ya₆-su₁; ⁶ya-su₁; ¹ia-su₁
    • MiniDict: ya^去 su^平; ya^去 su^平; ia^平 su^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹hhia₃-su₁; ³hhia-su₁; ¹ia-su₁
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦia⁵⁵ su²¹/, /ɦia²² su⁴⁴/, /ia⁵⁵ su²¹/

Proper noun

耶穌

1. Jesus
   • 1601, Matteo Ricci, 天主實義, volume 2, page 75:

     當時之人。何以驗耶穌實爲天主。非特人類也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     当时之人。何以验耶稣实为天主。非特人类也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     Dāngshí zhī rén. Héyǐ yàn Yēsū shí wéi Tiānzhǔ. Fēi tè rénlèi yě. [Pinyin]

     How did the people at the time test that Jesus is really God and not a super-human?

   • 1637, 天主降生出像經解, page 3:

     耶穌聖體射光子夜如晝 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     耶稣圣体射光子夜如昼 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     Yēsū shèngtǐ shèguāng zǐyè rú zhòu [Pinyin]

     The body of Jesus shone, and the midnight was like the morning.

   • 1919, 《新舊約全書：官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society, 約翰福音 [John] 14:6:

     耶穌說、我就是道路、眞理、生命．若不藉着我、沒有人能到父那裏去。 [MSC, trad.]
     耶稣说、我就是道路、真理、生命．若不借着我、没有人能到父那里去。 [MSC, simp.]

     Yēsū shuō, Wǒ jiùshì dàolù, zhēnlǐ, shēngmìng. Ruò bù jièzhe wǒ, méiyǒu rén néng dào Fù nàlǐ qù. [Pinyin]

     Jesus said, “I am the way, truth, [and] life. No man goes to the Father but by me.”

Synonyms

• (Manichaeism) 夷數／夷数 (Yíshù)
• (Islam) 爾撒／尔撒 (Ěrsā)

Terms for Jesus in different branches of Christianity

Branch	Words edit
Protestant	耶穌
Roman Catholic	耶穌, 西士 Hokkien, historical
Eastern Orthodox	耶穌, 伊伊穌斯 dated
Church of the East	移鼠, 翳數

Dialectal synonyms of 耶穌 (“Jesus (in Christianity)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		耶穌
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	耶穌
	Singapore	耶穌
Central Plains Mandarin	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	爾撒
Southwestern Mandarin	Dagudi (Maliba)	耶穌
	Reshuitang (Longling)	耶穌
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	耶穌
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	耶穌
Cantonese	Guangzhou	耶穌
	Hong Kong	耶穌
	Taishan	耶穌
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	耶穌
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	耶穌
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	耶穌
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	耶穌
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	耶穌
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	耶穌
	Hong Kong	耶穌
Southern Min	Tainan	耶穌
	Singapore (Hokkien)	耶穌
	Manila (Hokkien)	耶穌
Wu	Shanghai	耶穌
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	耶穌

Derived terms

• 耶穌堂／耶稣堂
• 耶穌基督／耶稣基督 (Yēsū Jīdū)
• 耶穌教／耶稣教 (Yēsūjiào)
• 耶穌會／耶稣会 (Yēsūhuì)
• 耶穌紀元／耶稣纪元 (Yēsū jìyuán)
• 講耶穌／讲耶稣

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (耶穌):

• → Japanese: 耶蘇(やそ) (Yaso)
• → Korean: 야소(耶穌) (Yaso)
• → Vietnamese: Gia Tô (耶穌), Da Tô (耶穌)