綱

See also: 纲

綱	U+7DB1, 綱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DB1

← 綰
[U+7DB0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

網 →
[U+7DB2]

Translingual

Han character

綱 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 女火月廿山 (VFBTU), four-corner 2792₀, composition ⿰糹岡)

Derived characters

𮒔

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 927, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27576
Dae Jaweon: page 1364, character 30
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3414, character 5
Unihan data for U+7DB1

Chinese

trad.		綱
simp.		纲
alternative forms		㭃

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (岡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
岡	*klaːŋ
崗	*klaːŋ
剛	*klaːŋ
掆	klaːŋ, klaːŋs
鋼	klaːŋ, klaːŋs
綱	*klaːŋ
犅	*klaːŋ
堈	*klaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːŋ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 岡 (OC *klaːŋ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gāng (gang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gong¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kong / kang

(Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gang
  - Wade–Giles: kang¹
  - Yale: gāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
  - Palladius: ган (gan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gong¹
  - Yale: gōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
  - Tâi-lô: kong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang
  - Tâi-lô: kang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: kang

Rime
Character	綱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古郎切
Baxter	kang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaŋ/
Li Rong	/kɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gong¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*klaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	綱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāng
Middle Chinese	‹ kang ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁaŋ/
English	guiding rope of net
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	綱
Reading #	1/1
No.	3716
Phonetic component	岡
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	岡
Old Chinese	/*klaːŋ/

Definitions

綱

guiding principle
essential part, key part
program, outline
(taxonomy) class
(archaic) headrope, main rope of a fishing net

Compounds

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

綱

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji

綱

(Jōyō kanji)

rope, cable
genus, class

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kun: つな (tsuna, 綱, Jōyō)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
綱
つな Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *tuna.

First attested in the Harima Fudoki of 715 CE.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) つな [tsùnáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [t͡sɨna̠]

Noun

綱(つな) • (tsuna)

rope
tsuna; ceremonial sumo belt

Derived terms

綱(つな)具(ぐ) (tsunagu)
繋(つな)ぐ (tsunagu)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
綱
こう Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 綱 (MC kang). Compare Korean 강 (gang).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

Noun

綱(こう) • (kō) ^{←かう (kau)^?}

(taxonomy) class

Coordinate terms

(Taxonomy) 生物(せいぶつ)の分類(ぶんるい) (seibutsu no bunrui); ドメイン (domein, “domain”), 界(かい) (kai, “kingdom”), 門(もん) (mon, “phylum”), 綱(こう) (kō, “class”), 目(もく) (moku, “order”), 科(か) (ka, “family”), 属(ぞく) (zoku, “genus”), 種(しゅ) (shu, “species”) ^{(Category: ja:Taxonomy)}

References

^ “綱”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

綱 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Okinawan

Kanji

綱

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Kun: ちな (china)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *tuna, from Proto-Japonic *tuna. Cognate with Japanese 綱 (つな, tsuna).

Noun

綱(ちな) (china)

rope

Vietnamese

Han character

綱: Hán Nôm readings: cương, cáng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] “綱”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]