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積

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 积
積 U+7A4D, 積
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A4D
← 穌
[U+7A4C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 穎 →
[U+7A4E]

Translingual

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Han character

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積 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹木手一金 (HDQMC), four-corner 25986, composition ⿰禾責)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 859, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25266
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1285, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2626, character 16
  • Unihan data for U+7A4D

Chinese

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trad. 積
simp. 积
alternative forms 𥢼
𥡯
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 積 (Cantonese)
  • 積 (Written Standard Chinese?)

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (朿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
債 *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ
積 *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ
刺 *sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ
莿 *sʰeːɡs, *raːds
㓨 *sʰeɡs
朿 *sʰeɡs
漬 *zeɡs
耫 *zraːd, *zreːɡ
嘖 *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ
梀 *sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ
捒 *sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs
幘 *ʔsreːɡ
簀 *ʔsreːɡ
嫧 *ʔsreːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ
謮 *ʔsreːɡ
責 *ʔsreːɡ
皟 *sʰreːɡ
憡 *sʰreːɡ
策 *sʰreːɡ
筴 *sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb
拺 *sʰreːɡ, *sreːɡ
賾 *zreːɡ
鰿 *zreːɡ, *ʔseɡ
擌 *sreːɡ
蹟 *ʔseɡ
襀 *ʔseɡ
磧 *sʰeɡ
洓 *sʰeɡ
績 *ʔseːɡ
勣 *ʔseːɡ
樍 *ʔseːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ).

Etymology

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Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chek - literary (“to accumulate; to store up; to suffer from indigestion”);
  • chiak - literary (“to suffer from indigestion”);
  • chit - vernacular (“to accumulate; to store up; to suffer from indigestion”).
Note:
  • zêh4 - vernacular;
  • zêg4 - literary.
Rime
Character 積 積
Reading # 2/2 1/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 昔 (123) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 資昔切 子智切
Baxter tsjek tsjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡siᴇk̚/ /t͡siᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡siɛk̚/ /t͡siɛH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡siæk̚/ /t͡sjɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡siajk̚/ /t͡siə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siɛk̚/ /t͡sieH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭɛk̚/ /t͡sǐeH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯ɛk̚/ /t͡sie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ji zì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zik1 zi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 積
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsjek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]ek/
English accumulate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 積 積
Reading # 2/2 1/2
No. 1774 1745
Phonetic
component 		朿 朿
Rime
group 		錫 賜
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		積 積
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔseɡ/ /*ʔseɡs/

Definitions

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積

  1. to store up crops; to store cereal crops
  2. to accumulate; to amass; to store; to gather
  3. to hold in store; to store up (for future use); to be latent
  4. to stagnate; to become stagnant
  5. to add up; to sum up to
  6. accumulated goods
  7. (traditional Chinese medicine) indigestion
  8. (mathematics) Short for 乘積／乘积 (chéngjī, “product (in a multiplication)”).
  9. long-standing; long
  10. habitual; inveterate
  11. sixtieth (60th) tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "accumulation" (𝍁)
  12. (Cantonese, card games) jack; knave (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
  13. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 唧 (“jack; to jack”)
  14. (Hokkien) to suffer from indigestion (of children)
    食積／食积 [Hokkien]  ―  si̍t-chek [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to suffer from indigestion
  15. (archaic) Alternative form of 漬／渍 (zì, “to soak”)
  16. (archaic) Alternative form of 績／绩 (jì, “achivement”)
  17. (archaic) Alternative form of 迹 (jì, “movement”)

Synonyms

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  • (jack):
Dialectal synonyms of 鉤兒 (“jack (playing cards)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 鉤兒
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 鉤, 十一
Zhengzhou 鉤, 十一
Xi'an 丁子
Xuzhou 丁鉤兒, 甲鉤兒
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 丁鉤兒
Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan 鉤子, 鉤, 鉤鉤, 孫子
Guiyang 鉤鉤, 鉤, 夾鉤
Liuzhou 歐
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 丁鉤
Yangzhou 茄鉤, 傑鉤
Cantonese Guangzhou 積
Hong Kong 積
Taishan 積
Wuzhou 積
Yulin 鉤
Gan Nanchang 鉤
Lichuan 鉤子
Pingxiang 鉤子, 鉤
Hakka Yudu 鉤子
Huizhou Jixi 丁鉤
Jin Taiyuan 鉤子
Southern Min Xiamen 丁
Shantou 丁
Puning 丁
Wu Shanghai 茄勾
Shanghai (Chongming) 斜鉤
Suzhou 茄杠

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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積

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. volume

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Kanji in this term
積
せき
Grade: 4
on'yomi

Noun

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積(せき) • (seki) 

  1. (arithmetic) product

See also

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Korean

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Hanja

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積 • (jeok, ja) (hangeul 적, 자, revised jeok, ja, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, cha, Yale cek, ca)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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積: Hán Nôm readings: tích

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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