潰

See also: 溃

潰 U+6F70, 潰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F70 ← 潯 [U+6F6F] CJK Unified Ideographs 潱 → [U+6F71]

Translingual

Han character

潰 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水中一金 (ELMC), four-corner 3518₆, composition ⿰氵貴)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 650, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18281
• Dae Jaweon: page 1061, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1741, character 2
• Unihan data for U+6F70

Chinese

trad.		潰
simp.		溃

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (貴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
藬	*l'uːl
僓	*l̥ʰuːlʔ, *ɡluːds
頹	*l'uːl
穨	*l'uːl
蘈	*l'uːl
隤	*l'uːl
墤	*l'uːl, *kʰruːds
尵	*l'uːl, *r'uːl
蹪	*l'uːl
瀢	*l'uːlʔ, *lulʔ
鞼	*kluːl, *ɡruls
膭	*kluːl, *ɡluːls
憒	*kluːds
靧	*ɡluːds
潰	*ɡluːls
繢	*ɡluːds
嬇	*ɡluːds, *kʰruːds
殨	*ɡluːds
闠	*ɡluːds
簣	*kʰruːds, *ɡruds
嘳	*kʰruːds, *kʰruds
蕢	*kʰruːds, *ɡruds
聵	*ŋɡruːds
樻	*kʰruds, *ɡruds
䙡	*kʰruds, *kʰluds
匱	*ɡruds
臾	*ɡruds, *lo
饋	*ɡruls
櫃	*ɡruds
遺	*lul, *luls
壝	*lul, *lulʔ
瞶	*luls, *kluls
貴	*kluds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡluːls) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 貴 (OC *kluds).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kuì, huì (kui⁴, hui⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄟˋ, ㄏㄨㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kui²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khùi / hōe
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶gue

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuì
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuèi
    • Wade–Giles: kʻuei⁴
    • Yale: kwèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuey
    • Palladius: куй (kuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huì
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
    • Wade–Giles: hui⁴
    • Yale: hwèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
    • Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kui²
    • Yale: kúi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kui²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kui²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuːi̯³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùi
    • Tâi-lô: khuì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quix
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰui⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰui²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰui¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōe
    • Tâi-lô: huē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoe
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hue⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hue²²/

Note:

• khùi - vernacular (俗);
• hōe - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶gue
    • MiniDict: gue^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³gue
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɡue²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: hwojH

Rime
Character	潰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡對切
Baxter	hwojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuoiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwəjH/
Li Rong	/ɣuᴀiH/
Wang Li	/ɣuɒiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wui6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡʷ]ˤ[ə]j-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡluːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	潰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuì
Middle Chinese	‹ hwojH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡʷ]ˁ[ə]j-s/
English	break through an embankment (of water)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	潰
Reading #	1/1
No.	4716
Phonetic component	貴
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	潰
Old Chinese	/*ɡluːls/

Definitions

潰

1. (of a dike or dam) to break; to burst; to overflow
2. to break through an encirclement
3. to be utterly defeated; to be routed
4. to decompose; to be destroyed
5. to fester; to ulcerate

Compounds

• 一觸即潰／一触即溃 (yīchùjíkuì)
• 不戰而潰／不战而溃
• 奔潰／奔溃 (bēnkuì)
• 崩潰／崩溃 (bēngkuì)
• 擊潰／击溃 (jīkuì)
• 望風而潰／望风而溃
• 決癰潰疽／决痈溃疽
• 潰不成軍／溃不成军 (kuìbùchéngjūn)
• 潰亂／溃乱 (kuìluàn)
• 潰圍／溃围
• 潰敗／溃败 (kuìbài)
• 潰散／溃散 (kuìsàn)
• 潰決／溃决 (kuìjué)
• 潰滅／溃灭 (kuìmiè)
• 潰潰／溃溃
• 潰爛／溃烂 (kuìlàn)
• 潰瘍／溃疡 (kuìyáng)
• 潰癰／溃痈 (kuìyōng)
• 潰盟／溃盟
• 潰逃／溃逃 (kuìtáo)
• 群蟻潰堤／群蚁溃堤
• 胃潰瘍／胃溃疡 (wèikuìyáng)
• 蟻潰／蚁溃
• 隄潰蟻孔／隄溃蚁孔
• 魚潰鳥散／鱼溃鸟散
• 鳥散魚潰／鸟散鱼溃
• 鳥驚魚潰／鸟惊鱼溃

 

Japanese

Kanji

潰

(Jōyō kanji)

1. burst
2. break
3. break down

Readings

• Go-on: え (e)^{←ゑ (we, historical)}
• Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)^{←くわい (kwai, historical)}
• Kun: つぶす (tsubusu, 潰す, Jōyō)、つぶれる (tsubureru, 潰れる, Jōyō)、ついえる (tsuieru, 潰える)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
潰
かい Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 潰 (MC hwojH).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka̠i]

Affix

潰(かい) • (kai) ^{←くわい (kwai)?}

1. to crush; to smash

Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 潰 is mostly replaced by 壊, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

Japanese terms with 潰 replaced by daiyōji 壊

壊滅

決壊

倒壊

崩壊

Derived terms

Not replaced by 壊 in modern orthography

• 潰(かい)瘍(よう) (kaiyō, “ulcer”)

 

Replaced by 壊 in modern orthography

• 潰(かい)走(そう) (kaisō)
• 潰(かい)崩(ほう) (kaihō)
• 潰(かい)滅(めつ) (kaimetsu)
• 潰(かい)乱(らん) (kairan)
• 圧(あっ)潰(かい) (akkai)
• 決(けっ)潰(かい) (kekkai)
• 全(ぜん)潰(かい) (zenkai)
• 倒(とう)潰(かい) (tōkai)
• 崩(ほう)潰(かい) (hōkai)

 

Korean

Hanja

潰 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

潰: Hán Nôm readings: hói, hòi, hội, khùy/khuỳ, khụy/khuỵ, khủy/khuỷ, khũy/khuỹ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.