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梨

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
梨 U+68A8, 梨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68A8
← 梧
[U+68A7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 梩 →
[U+68A9]
梨 U+F9E2, 梨
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E2
← 李
[U+F9E1] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 泥 →
[U+F9E3]

Translingual

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Han character

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梨 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓木 (HND) or 難竹弓木 (XHND), four-corner 22904, composition ⿱利木)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 530, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14873
  • Dae Jaweon: page 918, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1215, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+68A8

Chinese

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trad. 梨
simp. # 梨
alternative forms 棃
梸

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 梨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (利) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
犁 *riːl, *ril
黎 *riːl
莉 *riːl, *r'il, *r'i
黧 *riːl
鯬 *riːl, *ril
筣 *riːl, *ri
蔾 *riːl, *ril
藜 *riːl
邌 *riːl
瓈 *riːl
鵹 *rel
棃 *ril
梨 *ril
蟍 *ril
蜊 *ril
鑗 *ril
利 *rids
痢 *rids
浰 *riːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ril) : phonetic 利 (OC *rids) + semantic 木.

Etymology

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Unknown. Also found in Proto-Hmong-Mien *rəj; folk etymology derives this from 利 (OC *rids, “sharp”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • lì - “pear”;
  • lài - used in 黃梨.
Note:
  • lâi - vernacular;
  • lê - literary.
Rime
Character 梨
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 脂 (15)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力脂切
Baxter lij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/liɪ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/li/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ljɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/li/
Li
Rong 		/li/
Wang
Li 		/li/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/li/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lei4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 梨
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lij ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.r[ə][j]/
English pear tree, pear

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 梨
Reading # 1/1
No. 7891
Phonetic
component 		利
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		棃
Old
Chinese 		/*ril/
Notes 同棃見漢書子虛賦

Definitions

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梨

梨

  1. pear (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 隻／只 c)
  2. † Alternative form of 剺 (lí, “to cut”)

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 梨 (“pear”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 梨
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 梨, 梨子
Taxonomic name 梨
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 梨
Taiwan 梨子
Chifeng 梨
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 梨
Harbin 梨
Shenyang 梨
Singapore 梨
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 梨果兒
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 梨
Tangshan 梨
Cangzhou 梨
Baoding 梨
Shijiazhuang 梨
Jinan 梨
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 梨, 洋梨
Qingdao 梨
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 梨
Wanrong 梨
Zhengzhou 梨
Xi'an 梨
Xining 梨兒, 梨
Xuzhou 梨, 梨子
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 梨兒
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 梨
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 梨
Lanzhou 梨
Ürümqi 香梨, 梨子, 梨
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 梨兒, 梨子
Chongqing 梨兒
Wuhan 梨子, 梨
Guiyang 梨, 梨子
Kunming 梨兒
Guilin 梨子
Liuzhou 梨子, 沙梨
Dagudi (Maliba) 梨果
Reshuitang (Longling) 梨果
Mae Salong (Lancang) 梨果
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 梨
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 梨
Yangzhou 梨子, 梨
Nantong 梨子
Hefei 梨子, 梨
Cantonese Guangzhou 梨
Hong Kong 梨
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 梨
Macau 梨
Guangzhou (Panyu) 梨
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 梨
Guangzhou (Conghua) 梨
Foshan 梨
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 梨
Foshan (Shunde) 梨
Foshan (Sanshui) 梨
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 梨
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 梨
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 梨
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 梨
Zhuhai (Doumen) 梨
Jiangmen (Baisha) 梨
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 梨
Taishan 梨
Kaiping (Chikan) 梨
Enping (Niujiang) 梨
Heshan (Yayao) 梨
Dongguan 梨
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 梨
Yangjiang 梨
Danzhou 梨
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 梨
Gan Nanchang 梨
Lichuan 梨仔
Pingxiang 梨子
Hakka Meixian 梨仔
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 梨
Dongguan (Qingxi) 梨
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 梨
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 梨
Heyuan (Bendihua) 梨
Wengyuan 梨
Liannan 梨
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 梨
Jiexi 梨
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 梨
Changting 梨哩
Wuping (Yanqian) 梨子
Ninghua 梨子
Yudu 梨
Ningdu 梨子
Tonggu (Sandu) 梨
Ganzhou (Panlong) 梨
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 梨仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 梨仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 梨仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 梨
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 梨仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 梨
Hong Kong 梨
Yangxi (Tangkou) 梨
Yangchun (Sanjia) 梨
Xinyi (Qianpai) 梨
Gaozhou (Xindong) 梨
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 梨
Huazhou (Xin'an) 梨
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 梨
Lianjiang (Qingping) 梨
Mengshan (Xihe) 梨果
Luchuan 梨
Senai (Huiyang) 梨
Huizhou Jixi 梨
Shexian 雪梨
Jin Taiyuan 梨兒
Xinzhou 梨兒
Linhe 梨
Jining 梨
Hohhot 梨
Zhangjiakou 梨
Handan 梨兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 梨
Eastern Min Fuzhou 梨
Southern Min Xiamen 梨仔
Quanzhou 梨仔
Zhangzhou 梨仔
Zhao'an 梨仔
Taipei 梨仔
New Taipei (Sanxia) 梨仔
Kaohsiung 梨仔
Yilan 梨仔
Changhua (Lukang) 梨仔
Taichung 梨仔
Tainan 梨仔
Hsinchu 梨仔
Kinmen 梨
Penghu (Magong) 梨仔
Penang (Hokkien) 梨仔
Singapore (Hokkien) 梨
Manila (Hokkien) 梨仔
Chaozhou 梨
Bangkok (Teochew) 梨
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 梨
Hat Yai (Teochew) 梨
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 梨
Singapore (Teochew) 梨
Wenchang 梨
Puxian Min Putian 梨
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 梨
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 梨
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 梨
Xianyou 梨
Xianyou (Fengting) 梨
Xianyou (Youyang) 梨
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 梨
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 梨
Wu Shanghai 生梨
Shanghai (Chongming) 水梨
Suzhou 梨
Danyang 梨子
Hangzhou 梨兒
Ningbo 梨頭
Wenzhou 消梨
Jinhua 梨, 梨兒
Xiang Changsha 梨子
Loudi 梨子
Shuangfeng 梨子

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Malay: lai (“pear”)
  • → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *rəj (“pear”)

Japanese

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Kanji

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梨

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. pear

Readings

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  • Go-on: り (ri)
  • Kan-on: り (ri)
  • Kun: なし (nashi, 梨, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: か (ka)

Etymology 1

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
梨 (nashi): the pear tree and fruit.
Kanji in this term
梨
なし
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, attested already in the Man'yōshū.[1] Further derivation unclear.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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梨(なし) or 梨(ナシ) • (nashi) 

  1. a pear tree
  2. a pear (the fruit)
  3. more specifically, a Japanese pear or Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)
Usage notes
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  • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ナシ.
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
梨
り
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 梨 (MC lij). Compare modern Mandarin 梨 (lí).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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梨(り) • (ri) 

  1. a pear tree
  2. a pear (the fruit)
  3. more specifically, a Japanese pear or Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)
Derived terms
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Derived terms

References

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  1. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese nasi”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎[1], retrieved 2024-11-02
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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梨 (eumhun 배나무 리 (baenamu ri), word-initial (South Korea) 배나무 이 (baenamu i))

  1. hanja form? of 리/이 (“pear tree”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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梨: Hán Nôm readings: lê, lệ

  1. chữ Hán form of lê (“pear”).
  2. chữ Hán form of lệ (“pear”).
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