柯
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]柯 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木一弓口 (DMNR), four-corner 41920, composition ⿰木可)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 520, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14658
- Dae Jaweon: page 908, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1178, character 6
- Unihan data for U+67EF
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 砢 | *ɡ·raːlʔ |
| 柯 | *kaːl |
| 菏 | *kaːl, *ɡaːl |
| 牁 | *kaːl |
| 滒 | *kaːl |
| 哥 | *kaːl |
| 歌 | *kaːl |
| 謌 | *kaːl |
| 鴚 | *kaːl |
| 哿 | *kaːlʔ |
| 舸 | *kaːlʔ |
| 笴 | *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ |
| 軻 | *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 珂 | *kʰaːl |
| 可 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 岢 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 坷 | *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 蚵 | *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl |
| 呵 | *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls |
| 訶 | *qʰaːl |
| 抲 | *qʰaːl |
| 荷 | *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 何 | *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 河 | *ɡaːl |
| 苛 | *ɡaːl |
| 魺 | *ɡaːl |
| 袔 | *ɡaːls |
| 阿 | *qaːl |
| 妸 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 疴 | *qaːl, *kʰraːls |
| 鈳 | *qaːl |
| 娿 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 痾 | *qaːl |
| 跒 | *kʰraːlʔ |
| 閜 | *qʰraːlʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːl) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).
Etymology 1
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
柯 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 牁 ancient | |
Same word as 牁 (OC *kaːl, “mooring post for a boat”) and related to 軻 (OC *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls, “a pair of wheels upon an axle tree”); perhaps related to 幹 (OC *kaːns, “stem, support”) but distinct from 竿 (OC *kaːn, “pole”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): o1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): kŏ̤
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gua1 / ko1 / kor1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1khu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ke
- Wade–Giles: kʻo1
- Yale: kē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ke
- Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɤ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: o1
- Yale: ō
- Cantonese Pinyin: o1
- Guangdong Romanization: o1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɔː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khô
- Hakka Romanization System: koˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ko1
- Sinological IPA: /kʰo²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: koˋ
- Sinological IPA: /kʰo⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kŏ̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰo⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua⁵³³/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ko1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰo⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ko1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɵ⁵³³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kor1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɒ⁵³³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
Note:
- gua1 - vernacular (incl. surname);
- ko1 - vernacular;
- kor1 - literary.
Note:
- koa - vernacular (surname);
- kho - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gua1 / ko1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kua / kho
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua³³/, /kʰo³³/
Note:
- gua1 - vernacular (surname);
- ko1 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: ka
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤar/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kaːl/
Definitions
[edit]柯
- (literary) axe handle
- (literary) stalk; branch
- a surname
- Short for 柯爾克孜／柯尔克孜 (kē'ěrkèzī, “Kyrgyz (the people, language, etc.)”).
- Lithocarpus; stone oak
Descendants
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
柯 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 枯 過／过 | |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]柯
- (Hokkien, of fruits, vegetable, etc.) fibrous; stringy; tough; withered
- (Teochew) dry; dried up; unmoist
- (Hokkien) lost one's youthfulness; old
Etymology 3
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
柯 | |
|---|---|---|
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]柯
- (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) copper coin
- (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) yuan (unit of currency)
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- (Min Nan) “Entry #5074”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]柯
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]柯 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
[edit]Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
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- Chinese lemmas
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