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暗

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 晻 and 闇
暗 U+6697, 暗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6697
← 暖
[U+6696] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 暘 →
[U+6698]

Translingual

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Stroke order
13 strokes

Han character

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暗 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 日卜廿日 (AYTA), four-corner 60061, composition ⿰日音)

  1. dark
  2. obscure
  3. in secret, covert

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 498, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14065
  • Dae Jaweon: page 866, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1526, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6697

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 暗
alternative forms 闇／暗
晻／暗
隌
𣈇
𣆛

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 暗
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (音) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
諳 *qɯːm
腤 *qɯːm
嬜 *qɯːm, *qʰaːm, *qʰrɯm
喑 *qɯːm, *qrɯm, *qrɯms
揞 *qɯːmʔ, *qrɯːms
隌 *qɯːmʔ, *qrɯm
罯 *qɯːmʔ, *qɯːb
暗 *qɯːms
闇 *qɯːms
黯 *qrɯːm, *qrɯːmʔ
歆 *qʰrɯm
愔 *qɯm
韾 *qɯm
音 *qrɯm
瘖 *qrɯm
窨 *qrɯms
湆 *kʰrɯb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯːms) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 音 (OC *qrɯm).

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Compare 陰”)

Pronunciation

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Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • am3 - Chaozhou;
  • ang3 - Chenghai.
Rime
Character 暗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 覃 (159)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 烏紺切
Baxter 'omH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔʌmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔəmH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔɒmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔəmH/
Li
Rong 		/ʔᴀmH/
Wang
Li 		/ɒmH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔămH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		àn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		am3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 暗
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		àn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔomH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qˁum-s/
English dark

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 暗
Reading # 1/1
No. 15213
Phonetic
component 		音
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		暗
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯːms/

Definitions

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暗

  1. dark (without light); dim
    Antonym: 明 (míng)
    天色暗了  ―  tiānsè àn le  ―  The sky darkened.
    屋子裡很暗。／屋子里很暗。  ―  Wūzi lǐ hěn àn.  ―  It is very dark in the room.
  2. dull; not bright
    暗紅／暗红  ―  àn hóng  ―  dull red
  3. secret; covert
    暗號／暗号  ―  ànhào  ―  secret signal
  4. confused; ignorant
    兼聽則明，偏信則暗 [MSC, trad.]
    兼听则明，偏信则暗 [MSC, simp.]
    jiāntīng zé míng, piānxìn zé àn [Pinyin]
    Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened, heed only one side and you will be benighted.
  5. (Southern Min) late
  6. (Cantonese) to lull
    媽媽唱歌暗BB瞓。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    妈妈唱歌暗BB𰥛。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    maa1-4 maa1 coeng3 go1 am3 bi4 bi1 fan3. [Jyutping]
    The mother sings to lull the baby to sleep.

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 晚 (“late (in time)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 遲, 晚
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 晚
Taiwan 晚, 遲
Harbin 晚
Singapore 晚, 遲
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 晚
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 晚
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 晚
Xi'an 晚, 遲
Xuzhou 晚, 遲
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 晏, 晚
Wuhan 晏, 遲
Guiyang 晏
Liuzhou 晏
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 晚, 遲
Hefei 晚, 遲
Cantonese Guangzhou 晏, 遲
Hong Kong 晏, 遲
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 晏
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 晏, 遲
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 遲
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 遲
Macau 遲
Guangzhou (Panyu) 晏, 遲
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 遲
Guangzhou (Conghua) 晏
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 晏, 遲
Foshan 晏, 遲
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 晏
Foshan (Shunde) 遲
Foshan (Sanshui) 遲
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 遲
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 遲
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 遲
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 遲
Zhuhai (Doumen) 晏, 遲
Jiangmen (Baisha) 遲
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 遲
Taishan 晏, 遲
Kaiping (Chikan) 晏, 遲
Enping (Niujiang) 晏, 遲
Heshan (Yayao) 遲水
Dongguan 晏, 遲
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 晏
Yangjiang 晏, 遲
Yangjiang (Yangdong) 晏
Yangdong (Yashao) 晏, 遲
Yangchun 晏, 遲
Yangxi 晏, 遲
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 遲
Singapore (Guangfu) 晏, 遲
Gan Nanchang 晏
Pingxiang 晏
Hakka Meixian 遲
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 晏
Dongguan (Qingxi) 遲
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 遲
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 晏
Heyuan (Bendihua) 遲, 晏
Wengyuan 晝
Liannan 遲
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 晏
Jiexi 慢
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 慢
Changting 晏
Wuping 遲
Wuping (Yanqian) 夜
Ninghua 遲
Yudu 晏
Ningdu 遲
Tonggu (Sandu) 晏
Ganzhou (Panlong) 晏
Dayu 晏
Hong Kong 遲
Yangxi (Tangkou) 遲
Yangchun (Sanjia) 遲
Xinyi (Sihe) 遲
Xinyi (Qianpai) 遲
Gaozhou (Xindong) 遲
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 遲
Huazhou (Xin'an) 遲
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 遲
Lianjiang (Qingping) 遲
Mengshan (Xihe) 遲
Luchuan 遲
Senai (Huiyang) 遲
Huizhou Jixi 晏
Jin Taiyuan 遲, 晚
Northern Min Jian'ou 晏
Songxi 晏
Zhenghe 慢
Jianyang 晏
Wuyishan 晏
Eastern Min Fuzhou 遲, 晏
Fuzhou (Changle) 遲
Lianjiang 遲, 晏
Fuqing 遲, 晏
Pingtan 晏
Yongtai 遲, 晏
Minqing 遲
Gutian 慢
Pingnan 慢
Luoyuan 晏
Fu'an 晏
Ningde 晏
Xiapu 晏
Zherong 晏
Shouning 晏
Zhouning 遲
Fuding 晏
Southern Min Xiamen 晏, 暗
Xiamen (Tong'an) 晏
Quanzhou 晏, 暗
Jinjiang 晏
Nan'an 晏
Shishi 晏
Hui'an 晏
Anxi 晏
Yongchun 晏
Dehua 晏
Zhangzhou 晏, 暗
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 晏
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 晏
Hua'an 晏
Nanjing 晏
Pinghe 晏
Zhangpu 晏
Yunxiao 晏
Zhao'an 晏
Dongshan 晏
Taipei 晏 GT, 暗 GT
Kinmen 晏
Singapore (Hokkien) 暗, 晏
Manila (Hokkien) 晏, 暗
Longyan 遲
Zhangping 晏
Datian 晏
Chaozhou 晏, 慢
Shantou 晏, 慢
Jieyang 晏, 慢
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 晏
Singapore (Teochew) 晏
Leizhou 晏
Wenchang 晏
Haikou 晏
Singapore (Hainanese) 晏, 暗
Puxian Min Putian 晏
Xianyou 晏
Central Min Yong'an 慢
Sanming (Sanyuan) 慢
Sanming (Shaxian) 晏
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 晏, 遲
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 晏
Wu Shanghai 晏
Suzhou 晏
Danyang 晚
Hangzhou 晏, 遲
Ningbo 晏
Wenzhou 遲
Xiang Changsha 晏, 遲
Loudi 晏
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 暗
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
暗󠄁
暗+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
暗󠄃
暗+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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暗

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. darkness

Readings

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See also

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
暗
あん
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 暗 (MC 'omH).

The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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暗(あん) • (an) 

  1. darkness

Affix

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暗(あん) • (an) 

  1. dark
  2. blackish
  3. foolish
  4. secret; covert
  5. memorize; recite from memory

Derived terms

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Derived terms

References

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  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1071 (paper), page 586 (digital)
  2. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 647 (paper), page 336 (digital)
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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暗 (eumhun 어두울 암 (eoduul am))

  1. hanja form? of 암 (“darkness”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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暗: Hán Nôm readings: ám

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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