悲

悲	U+60B2, 悲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60B2

Translingual

Han character

悲 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中卜心 (LYP), four-corner 1133₁, composition ⿱非心)

Derived characters

𩙻, 𲋒, 𬲊

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 388, character 37
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10720
Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 29
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2310, character 4
Unihan data for U+60B2

Chinese

trad.		悲
simp. ^#		悲

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 悲
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (非) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
啡	*pʰɯːlʔ
排	*brɯːl
俳	*brɯːl
輫	brɯːl, buːl
悲	*prɯl
棑	breː, brɯːls
輩	*puːls
裴	buːl, bɯl
徘	*buːl
琲	*buːlʔ
痱	buːlʔ, pɯds, bɯl, bɯls
非	*pɯl
扉	*pɯl
緋	*pɯl
猆	*pɯl
斐	pɯl, pʰɯlʔ
馡	*pɯl
騑	pɯl, pʰɯl
誹	pɯl, pɯlʔ, *pɯls
餥	pɯl, pɯlʔ
匪	*pɯlʔ
棐	*pɯlʔ
蜚	pɯlʔ, bɯls
篚	*pɯlʔ
榧	*pɯlʔ
鯡	*pɯls
霏	*pʰɯl
菲	pʰɯl, pʰɯlʔ, *bɯls
婔	*pʰɯl
裶	*pʰɯl
悱	*pʰɯlʔ
奜	*pʰɯlʔ
腓	bɯl, bɯls
陫	*bɯlʔ
屝	*bɯls
厞	*bɯls
翡	*bɯls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯl) : phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl) + semantic 心 (“heart; thought; emotion”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bēi (bei¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄟ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pî
Eastern Min (BUC): pĭ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bi¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pi

(Teochew, Peng'im): bui¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹pe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bēi
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bei
  - Wade–Giles: pei¹
  - Yale: bēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bei
  - Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bei¹
  - Yale: bēi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pî
  - Hakka Romanization System: bi^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pi²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: pĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bi¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pi
  - Tâi-lô: pi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: py
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pi³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pi⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bui¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pui³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹pe
  - MiniDict: pe^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹pe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pe⁵³/

Middle Chinese: pij

Rime
Character	悲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	府眉切
Baxter	pij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚi/
Shao Rongfen	/piɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pji/
Li Rong	/pji/
Wang Li	/pi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*prəj/

(Zhengzhang): /*prɯl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	悲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bēi
Middle Chinese	‹ pij ›
Old Chinese	/*prəj/
English	sad
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	悲
Reading #	1/1
No.	3067
Phonetic component	非
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	悲
Old Chinese	/*prɯl/

Definitions

悲

sad; sorrowful
to pity

Compounds

References

“悲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “悲”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 36.

Japanese

Kanji

悲

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

sad
Antonym: 楽
pity; compassion

Readings

Go-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)^{←ひ (fi, historical)}
Kan-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)^{←ひ (fi, historical)}
Kun: かなしい (kanashii, 悲しい, Jōyō)、かなしむ (kanashimu, 悲しむ, Jōyō)、あわれみ (awaremi, 悲れみ)^{←あはれみ (afaremi, 悲れみ, historical)}、かなしみ (kanashimi, 悲しみ)、なげく (nageku, 悲く)

Compounds

References

白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “悲”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎^[2] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

悲 (eumhun 슬플 비 (seulpeul bi))

hanja form^? of 비 (“sad”)

Compounds

비극 (悲劇, bigeuk, “tragedy”)
비명 (悲鳴, bimyeong, “scream”)

Vietnamese

Han character

悲: Hán Nôm readings: bi, bây, bầy, bay

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

悲𣇞 (bây giờ)