Jump to content

役

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 伇
役 U+5F79, 役
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F79
← 彸
[U+5F78] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 彺 →
[U+5F7A]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

役 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹人竹弓水 (HOHNE), four-corner 27247, composition ⿰彳殳)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 365, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10057
  • Dae Jaweon: page 685, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 814, character 23
  • Unihan data for U+5F79

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 役

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 役
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (役) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
椺 *ɦmluːʔ, *ɢʷeːɡs, *ɢeːɡ
役 *ɢʷeɡ
疫 *ɢʷeɡ
垼 *ɢʷeɡ
炈 *ɢʷeɡ
鈠 *ɢʷeɡ
豛 *ɢʷeɡ
坄 *doː, *leɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 彳 (“movement; action”) + semantic 殳 (“a weapon, like a spear”). The character originally depicted guarding a border with a weapon in hand, and by extension, it came to represent the idea of performing a duty or task.[1]

Etymology

[edit]

From 為 (OC *ɢʷal, “to do”) with k-extension (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note: ia̍h - vernacular, e̍k/ia̍k - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 役
Mandarin Beijing /i⁵¹/
Harbin /i⁵³/
Tianjin /i⁵³/
Jinan /i²¹/
Qingdao /i⁴²/
Zhengzhou /i⁴²/
Xi'an /i²⁴/
Xining /ji²⁴/
Yinchuan /i¹³/
Lanzhou /i⁵³/
Ürümqi /i²¹³/
Wuhan /y²¹³/
Chengdu /yo³¹/
Guiyang /iu²¹/
Kunming /i³¹/
Nanjing /ʐuʔ⁵/
Hefei /yəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /iəʔ²/
Pingyao /yʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /i⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦioʔ¹/
/ɦyɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ɦyəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ɦioʔ²/
Wenzhou /jy²¹³/
Hui Shexian /yʔ²¹/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /y²⁴/
Xiangtan /y²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /yʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /it̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʒït̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jek̚²/
Nanning /jek̚²²/
Hong Kong /jik̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ik̚⁵/
/iaʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /iʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /i²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hiaʔ⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ia³³/
/zi³⁵/ 俗
Rime
Character 役
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 昔 (124)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 營隻切
Baxter ywek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jwiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jʷiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/iuæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jwiajk̚/
Li
Rong 		/iuɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/jĭwɛk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯wɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 役
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ywek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷek/
English war expedition; service

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 役
Reading # 1/1
No. 15006
Phonetic
component 		役
Rime
group 		錫
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		役
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷeɡ/

Definitions

[edit]

役

  1. † to guard the borders
  2. † soldier
  3. † matter; event; incident
  4. war; military campaign
  5. forced labour
  6. military service
  7. labourer
  8. servant
  9. to use as a servant
  10. † to attract
  11. † student; disciple
  12. † duty; responsibility
  13. † low-ranking official
  14. † to arrange into rows
  15. † to help; to aid
  16. † to be; to act as
  17. † to practise; to act with

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Digital Shinjigen 2017

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
役

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. duty, office
  2. service
  3. role, part

Readings

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
役
やく
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 役 (MC ywek). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

役(やく) • (yaku) 

  1. role, service, use
  2. (card games, mahjong) hand, scoring combination

Suffix

[edit]

役(やく) • (-yaku) 

  1. playing the role of...
    涼(すず)宮(みや)ハルヒ役(やく)の平(ひら)野(の)綾(あや)さん
    Suzumiya Haruhi-yaku no Hirano Aya-san
    Aya Hirano, who voices Haruhi Suzumiya

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
役
えき
Grade: 3
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 役 (MC ywek).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

役(えき) • (eki) 

  1. war; battle
  2. (archaic) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Affix

[edit]

役(えき) • (eki) 

  1. duty; service
  2. put to work, labor
  3. war; battle

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 役 (MC ywek).

Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆑᆨ〮 (Yale: yuyek) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 역〮 (yék) (Yale: yek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

役 (eumhun 부릴 역 (buril yeok))

  1. hanja form? of 역 (“duty; role”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

役: Hán Việt readings: dịch[1][2][3][4][5][6]
役: Nôm readings: dịch[1][2][3], việc[1][2][3][7], diếc[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of dịch (“service, work”).
  2. Nôm form of việc (“work, job, business, matter, affair”).

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Trần (1999).
  5. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  6. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  7. ^ Hồ (1976).
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=役&oldid=81715788"