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席

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 蓆 and 度
席 U+5E2D, 席
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E2D
← 帬
[U+5E2C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 帮 →
[U+5E2E]

Translingual

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Han character

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席 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈廿中月 (ITLB), four-corner 00227, composition ⿸广⿱廿巾)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 332, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8926
  • Dae Jaweon: page 638, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 741, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5E2D

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 席

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (庶) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
褯 *zljaːɡs
遮 *tjaː
蔗 *tjaːɡs
鷓 *tjaːɡs
樜 *tjaːɡs, *hljaɡs
蟅 *tjaːɡs, *tjaːɡ
嗻 *tjaːɡs
鍍 *daː, *daːɡs
度 *daːɡs, *daːɡ
渡 *daːɡs
庶 *hljaɡs
剫 *daːɡ
踱 *daːɡ
喥 *daːɡ
謶 *tjaɡ
席 *ljaːɡ
蓆 *ljaːɡ
墌 *tjaːɡ
摭 *tjaːɡ
蹠 *tjaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaːɡ) : phonetic 石 (OC *djaɡ) + semantic 巾 (“cloth”). In the small seal script 石 has corrupted into ⿸广廿. Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated phonetic 庶 (OC *hljaɡs) + semantic 巾. In the variant 𠩛, 石 corrupted into 厂 instead.

Compare 度 (OC *daːɡs, *daːɡ) and 庶 (OC *hljaɡs).

Etymology 1

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Etymology unclear. Various theories have been proposed:

  • Wang (1982) relates this to 藉 (OC *zjaːɡs, *zjaːɡ), 蒩 (OC *ʔsaː, *ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa), 薦 (OC *ʔseːns).
  • Schuessler (2007), reconstructing this word minimally as *s-lak, relates this word to 莽 (OC *mlaʔ, *mlaŋʔ, “grass”).
  • Baxter and Sagart (2014) derive it from a root *tak (“to place”), with circumstantial noun prefix *s-, literally “place for putting things”.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • sī - literary;
  • sīo̤ - vernacular.
Note:
  • si̍t/se̍k - literary;
  • chhio̍h/sia̍h - vernacular.
Note: siah8 - “food of a banquet”.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 席
Mandarin Beijing /ɕi³⁵/
Harbin /ɕi²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕi⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕi⁴²/
Qingdao /si⁴²/
Zhengzhou /si⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕi²⁴/
Xining /ɕji²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕi¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕi⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɕi⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /ɕi²¹/
Kunming /ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /siʔ⁵/
Hefei /ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ɕiʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ʑiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ziəʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /zei²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰi²²/
Tunxi /se¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /si²⁴/
Xiangtan /si²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɑʔ²/ ～子
/ɕiʔ⁵/ 酒～
Hakka Meixian /sit̚⁵/
Taoyuan /sit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sek̚²/
Nanning /t͡sek̚²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sik̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sik̚⁵/
/sia⁵/ 宴～
/t͡sʰio³⁵/ 蓆
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /si⁴⁴/
/siɔ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰioʔ⁵/
/siaʔ⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sio³³/ 蓆
/tiak̚³/
/tia³⁵/
Rime
Character 席
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
Final (韻) 昔 (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 祥易切
Baxter zjek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ziᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ziɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ziæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ziajk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ziɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/zĭɛk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/zi̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 席
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zjek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-m-tAk/
English mat

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 席
Reading # 1/1
No. 11912
Phonetic
component 		庶
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		席
Old
Chinese 		/*ljaːɡ/
Notes 說文庶省古文從石省

Definitions

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席

  1. seat
  2. food of a banquet
  3. Classifier for conversations.
  4. Classifier for seats (members) in a meeting.
  5. a surname

Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (席):
  • → Japanese: 席(せき) (seki)

Others:

Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 席 – see 蓆 (“woven mat made of bamboo strips or grass”).
(This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 蓆).
Notes:

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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席

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. seat
  2. mat
  3. location

Readings

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  • Go-on: じゃく (jaku)
  • Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
  • Kun: むしろ (mushiro, 席)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
席
せき
Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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席(せき) • (seki) 

  1. seat
  2. meeting place; venue
  3. position; status

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
席
むしろ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 席 – see the following entry.
【筵むしろ】H
[noun] [from 720] a generic term for a woven mat made out of soft rush, bamboo, straw, or cattail
[noun] [from 1170] a seat; also used in public environments
[noun] [from 1603] a bed
[noun] (regional, Nagasaki, Kumamoto) a tatami mat
Alternative spellings
蓆, 莚
【筵もしろ】H
[noun] (dialectal, Tōhoku, Ishikawa, Izumo) Nonstandard form of むしろ (mushiro) above
Alternative spellings
蓆, 莚
(This term, 席, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

席 (eumhun 자리 석 (jari seok))

  1. hanja form? of 석 (“seat”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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席: Hán Nôm readings: tiệc, tịch

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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