屯

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See also: 屰
屯 U+5C6F, 屯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C6F
← 屮
[U+5C6E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 屰 →
[U+5C70]

Translingual

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Alternative forms

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  • Note that, in Korean and Japanese scripts, the first stroke is written in a slope from right to left (as seen in the Kangxi dictionary) instead of horizontally from left to right as in Chinese scripts.

Han character

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屯 (Kangxi radical 45, 屮+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 心山 (PU), four-corner 50717, composition ⿻一𡳾(GHTV) or ⿻七凵(GHTV) or ⿻丿𡳾(JK))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 304, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7828
  • Dae Jaweon: page 603, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 13, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5C6F

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 屯
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (屯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
躉 *tuːnʔ
窀 *rduːn, *duːn, *tun
沌 *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ
盹 *tuːnʔ, *tjuns
頓 *tuːns
扽 *tuːns
黗 *tʰuːn, *tʰuːnʔ
吨 *tʰuːnʔ
屯 *duːn, *tun
飩 *duːn
豘 *duːn
軘 *duːn
坉 *duːn
邨 *duːn, *stʰuːn
忳 *duːn
芚 *duːn
庉 *duːn, *duːnʔ
囤 *duːnʔ
迍 *tun
杶 *tʰun
瑃 *tʰun
椿 *tʰun
偆 *tʰunʔ, *tʰjunʔ
肫 *tjun
訰 *tjun, *tjuns
純 *tjunʔ, *djun
春 *tʰjun
蠢 *tʰjunʔ
踳 *tʰjunʔ
惷 *tʰjunʔ
蒓 *djun
賰 *hljunʔ
鬊 *hljuns

Pictogram (象形) – a plant sprout (屮) with a dot in the middle, than transformed into a horizontal line perhaps to emphasize the sprout. See also the top component of 春 in its original version.

Etymology 1

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hill
Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Austroasiatic *doːl (“hill”), whence Old Khmer duuɘl (“knoll, hillock, mount”) (> Khmer ទួល (tuəl)), Proto-Vietic *dol (> Vietnamese đồi & Muong tồl), Old Mon dal (“hill”) (> Mon ဒဵု (tɜ̀)), Western Katu dɔːl ("back of mountain"), Minriq tol ("mountain"). Possible, though unclear connection with 堆 (OC *tuːl).
village, hamlet
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “derived from sense 'hill'?”)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 屯
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒渾切
Baxter dwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duən/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duon/
Shao
Rongfen 		/duən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dwən/
Li
Rong 		/duən/
Wang
Li 		/duən/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱuən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		teon4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 屯
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tún
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dwon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[d]ˁun/
English accumulate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 屯
Reading # 1/2
No. 12546
Phonetic
component 		屯
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		屯
Old
Chinese 		/*duːn/
Notes 甲金文象屮初生葉芽，
爲春初文，卜辭即有以今屯表今春者

Definitions

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屯

  1. village; hamlet
    皇姑屯  ―  Huánggūtún  ―  Huanggutun (a place in Shenyang)
  2. (literary, or in compounds) military camp
  3. to store up; to accumulate
  4. (literary, or in compounds) to station (troops)
    屯兵  ―  túnbīng  ―  to station troops
  5. ䷂,third hexagram of the I Ching
  6. (obsolete) mound; hill
  7. (Hong Kong) Short for 屯門／屯门 (Túnmén, “Tuen Mun”).
Synonyms
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  • (village):
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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
 屯

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 屯
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 諄 (47)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 陟綸切
Baxter trwin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʈiuɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈʷin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȶjuen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈwin/
Li
Rong 		/ȶiuĕn/
Wang
Li 		/ȶĭuĕn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȶi̯uĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhūn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zeon1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 屯
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhūn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ trwin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*trun/
English difficult

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 屯
Reading # 2/2
No. 12562
Phonetic
component 		屯
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		屯
Old
Chinese 		/*tun/

Definitions

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屯

  1. Used in 屯邅 (zhūnzhān).

Etymology 3

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simp. and trad.
 屯

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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屯

  1. Only used in 屯留 (Chúnliú).

Etymology 4

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For pronunciation and definitions of 屯 – see 春 (“year”).
(This character is an ancient form of 春).

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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屯

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. gathering, gathering place
  2. camp, barracks

Readings

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  • Go-on: ちゅん (chun)、どん (don)
  • Kan-on: ちゅん (chun)、とん (ton, Jōyō)
  • Kun: たむろ (tamuro, 屯)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
屯
とん
Grade: S
(ateji)
kan'on

From English ton, tonne. The kanji is an example of ateji.

Noun

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屯(トン) or 屯(とん) • (ton) 

  1. tonne, metric ton
  2. (now uncommon) ton, Imperial ton

Usage notes

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Most usually spelled in katakana, as トン.

Korean

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Hanja

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屯 (eumhun 어려울 준 (eoryeoul jun))

  1. hanja form? of 준 (“challenging, difficult”)

屯 (eumhun 진칠 둔 (jinchil dun))

  1. hanja form? of 둔 (“village, hamlet”)
  2. hanja form? of 둔 (“camp”)
  3. hanja form? of 둔 (“station (troops), quarter”)

Compounds

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  1. 주둔 (駐屯, judun)
  2. 둔병 (屯兵, dunbyeong)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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屯: Hán Nôm readings: truân, chồn, đồn, dồn, nhún, sồn, thùn, dùn, đần, đốn, đún, giỡn, giùng, tòn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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