Jump to content

威

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
威 U+5A01, 威
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5A01
← 娀
[U+5A00] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 娂 →
[U+5A02]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Japan

(Swap strokes 9 and 8 for Taiwan.)

Han character

[edit]

威 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹一女 (IHMV), four-corner 53200, composition ⿵戌女)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 261, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6259
  • Dae Jaweon: page 527, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1404, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5A01

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 威
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (威) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
崴 *qruːl
威 *qul
葳 *qul
隇 *qul
蝛 *qul
鰄 *qul
楲 *qul

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 戌 + 女.

Etymology 1

[edit]
trad. 威
simp. # 威

畏 (OC *quls, “to fear”) is the exoactive derivation of 威 (OC *qul, “to overawe”), literally "to be intimidated" (Schuessler, 2007). In early writing, the character for 畏 was sometimes used directly as a substitute of 威 (wēi) (e.g. in the Da Yu ding inscription).

鬼 (OC *kulʔ, “ghost”) is a derivation (Baxter and Sagart, 1998).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 威
Mandarin Beijing /uei⁵⁵/
Harbin /uei⁴⁴/
Tianjin /vei²¹/
Jinan /vei²¹³/
Qingdao /ve²¹³/
Zhengzhou /uei²⁴/
Xi'an /uei²¹/
Xining /uɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /vei⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /vei³¹/
Ürümqi /vei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /uei⁵⁵/
Chengdu /uei⁵⁵/
Guiyang /uei⁵⁵/
Kunming /uei⁴⁴/
Nanjing /uəi³¹/
Hefei /ue²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /vei¹¹/
Pingyao /uei¹³/
Hohhot /vei³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ue⁵³/
Suzhou /ue̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔui³³/
Wenzhou /v̠u³³/
Hui Shexian /ue³¹/
Tunxi /ue¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /uei³³/
Xiangtan /uəi³³/
Gan Nanchang /ui⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /vi⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /vui²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐi⁵³/
Nanning /wɐi⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /wɐi⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ui⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /uoi⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /y⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ui³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ui²³/
/ui³⁵/ 俗
Rime
Character 威
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 微 (21)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於非切
Baxter 'jw+j
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔʉi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔʷɨi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiuəi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔuj/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiuəi/
Wang
Li 		/ĭwəi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔwe̯i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wēi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wai1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 威
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wēi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjwɨj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔuj/
English awe-inspiring

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 威
Reading # 1/1
No. 12789
Phonetic
component 		威
Rime
group 		微
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		威
Old
Chinese 		/*qul/

Definitions

[edit]

威

  1. pomp
  2. power
  3. powerful
  4. to dominate; to display power
  5. (Cantonese) imposing; awe-inspiring
  6. (Cantonese) to be imposing; to be awe-inspiring
  7. a surname

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
trad. 威
simp. # 威

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

威

  1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 揻 (ui, “to prick; to poke; to bore”)

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
威

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]
Kanji in this term
威
い
Grade: S
on'yomi

/wi/ → /i/

From Middle Chinese 威 (MC 'jw+j).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

威(い) • (i) ←ゐ (wi)?

  1. power; might; strength; authority

Affix

[edit]

威(い) • (i) ←ゐ (wi)?

  1. power; might; strength; authority; dignity; majesty

Derived terms

[edit]
Derived terms

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

威 (eumhun 위엄 위 (wieom wi))

  1. dignity

Compounds

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

威: Hán Nôm readings: uy, oai

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=威&oldid=80212166"