塚
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Translingual
[edit]| Japanese | 塚 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 冢 |
| Traditional | 塚 |
Alternative forms
[edit]- There are two Unicode z-variants, at code points U+585A and U+FA10. The latter form (U+FA10) has the next to last stroke of 豖 connected to the top horizontal stroke (similar to 衣).
- The Japanese form of the character is written with 豕 instead of 豖 as its bottom right component. However both 塚 (Japanese) and 塚 (traditional Chinese) forms are encoded under the same codepoint.
Han character
[edit]塚 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10 in Chinese, 土+9 in Japanese, 13 strokes in Chinese, 12 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 土月一人 (GBMO), four-corner 47132, composition ⿰土冢(GHTK) or ⿰土⿱冖豕(J))
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 236, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5345
- Dae Jaweon: page 473, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 476, character 7
- Unihan data for U+585A
Usage notes
[edit]The Kangxi dictionary lists 塚 as the unorthodox form (俗字) of 冢. The usage of 塚 persists in Japan with one stroke removed. 冢 is the prescribed form in simplified Chinese, but 塚 is also used occasionally. Both 塚 and 冢 are used in traditional Chinese, with the former being more common.
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 塚/冢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 冢 | |
| alternative forms | 塜 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toŋʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 冢 (OC *toŋʔ) – an earthen mound, a tomb of earth.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cung2
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): dě̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): tūng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tson
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhǒng
- Wade–Giles: chung3
- Yale: jǔng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joong
- Palladius: чжун (čžun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cung2
- Yale: chúng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsung2
- Guangdong Romanization: cung2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhúng
- Hakka Romanization System: cungˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cung3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dě̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tœyŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tūng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰuŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: trjowngX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*toŋʔ/
Definitions
[edit]塚
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]| Shinjitai | 塚 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
塚 塚or 塚+ ︀?
|
|
| 塚󠄁 塚+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 塚󠄅 塚+ 󠄅?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Alternative forms
[edit]Kanji
[edit](Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 塚)
Readings
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 塚 |
| つか Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 塚 (kyūjitai) |
Cognate with Old Japanese verb 築く (tsuku, “to build up using earth and/or stone”).[2]
The /a/ ending may indicate that tsuka developed as the nominalization of the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of the verb, suggesting an original meaning of "that which is being built up into an earthworks (but isn't finished yet)". The irrealis is also the root form for constructing the passive form of all Japanese verbs, so the original meaning might instead have been just the passive sense of "that which is built up into an earthworks".
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ “塚”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]塚 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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