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See also:
U+5403, 吃
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5403

[U+5402]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5404]

Translingual

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Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 30, +3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 口人弓 (RON), four-corner 68017, composition )

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 174, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3280
  • Dae Jaweon: page 387, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 579, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5403

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound 形聲形声 (xíngshēng): semantic (kǒu) + phonetic (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).

Its original meaning is "to stutter", hence, the phonetic component could add part of the meaning since it has the phonetically borrowed meaning of "begging" (i.e., trying to talk but with difficulties).

According to folk etymologies, in this character indicates that, while stuttering, less air comes from the mouth (compare , which has more traits). However, 乞 is simply a variant of 气, it originally meant "air" and was later borrowed to indicate "begging", therefore it didn't mean "less air; to stutter" or similar words and expressions.

Wikipedia has an article on:

Etymology 1

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trad. /
simp.
alternative forms (jaak3) Cantonese
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “how are the different pronunciations related? to stutter > to eat one's sounds (Schuessler, 2007)? STEDT seems to relate "to eat" to *m-dz(y)a-k/n/t/s (EAT / FOOD / FEED / RICE)”

Pronunciation

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Note: jaak3 - colloquial.
Note: Often written as .

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃʰz̩⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
/t͡ɕʰia²¹/ ~虧
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰəʔ²/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʰʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
/t͡ɕʰia²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰio²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɑʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰət̚¹/
Taoyuan /kʰet̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɛk̚³/
Nanning /hɛk̚³³/
/hɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /hɛk̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰit̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ki²⁴/
/i⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /ŋiak̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xit̚⁵/

Definitions

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  1. to eat; to consume
    喜歡喜欢  ―  Tā hěn xǐhuān chīfàn.  ―  He loves to eat.
      ―  chīfàn le ma?  ―  Have you eaten? (also a greeting)
      ―  chī guò fàn ma?  ―  Have you eaten? (also a greeting)
    𠲎 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    𠲎 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    6non 6ve 7chiq-ku-leq-vaq [Wugniu]
    Have you eaten? (also a greeting)
    • 果果 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
      From: 《排排坐》, traditional children's song
      paai4 paai4 co5, hek3 gwo2 gwo2. [Jyutping]
      Let's sit together and eat fruits.
    [Cantonese]  ―  jaak3 si2 laa1 nei5! [Jyutping]  ―  Eat shit!
  2. to live on
  3. to suffer; to endure; to bear
      ―  chī  ―  to endure hardship
      ―  chīkuī  ―  to suffer losses, to be at a disadvantage
    胸口 [MSC, trad.]
    胸口 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā xiōngkǒu chī le yī qiāng. [Pinyin]
    He took a bullet in the chest.
  4. to exhaust; to be a strain
    Chrome內存Chrome内存  ―  Chrome chī nèicún.  ―  Chrome is a memory hog.
  5. to drink
  6. (board games) to capture
  7. (mahjong) to chow
  8. to accept
  9. (early modern Wu) because
Usage notes
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  • In Cantonese, (sik6) is the most common term for "eating" and (jaak3) is considered less polite than the former.
  • When playing mahjong, a player may say this word as a call when forming a chow on another player's discard.
Synonyms
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  • (to drink):
  • (to capture):
  • (to chow):
Descendants
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  • Wutunhua: qe
  • Japanese: (チー) (chī)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Note: 4keq - primarily in suburbs and dated urban pronunciation.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (58)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter kj+t
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɨt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kɨt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kɨt̚/
Li
Rong
/kiət̚/
Wang
Li
/kĭət̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ki̯ət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gat1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 10080
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kɯd/

Definitions

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  1. to stammer; to stutter; to falter
      ―  kǒuchī  ―  to stammer, to stutter

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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simp. and trad.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. Only used in 吃吃 (qīqī).

Etymology 4

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simp. and trad.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: こち (kochi)
  • Kan-on: きつ (kitsu)
  • Kun: どもり (domori, 吃り)どもる (domoru, 吃る)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
きつ
Hyōgai
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC kj+t).

Affix

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(きつ) (kitsu

  1. stammering, stuttering
  2. accepting, complying
Derived terms
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See also
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
チー
Hyōgai
irregular

From Mandarin (chī, literally to eat).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(チー) (chī

  1. (mahjong) a call for an open 順子 (shuntsu, sequence of three suited tiles), compare English chow
Coordinate terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
ままなき
Hyōgai
irregular

Possibly a compound of (mama, remaining at a certain state) +‎ 泣き (naki, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb 泣く (naku), “to cry). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Noun

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(ままなき) (mamanaki

  1. stammering, stuttering
  2. a stutterer
Synonyms
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References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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(eum (heul))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: khật, hấc, hất, hớt, ngát, ngặt, ngật, ực, cật

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.