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厄

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 阨
厄 U+5384, 厄
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5384
← 厃
[U+5383] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 厅 →
[U+5385]

Translingual

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Han character

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厄 (Kangxi radical 27, 厂+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一尸山 (MSU), four-corner 71212, composition ⿸厂㔾)

Derived characters

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 160, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2893
  • Dae Jaweon: page 367, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 68, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5384

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 厄
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (戹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
呃 *qreːɡs, *qreːɡ
阸 *qreːɡs, *qreːɡ
厄 *qreːɡ
蚅 *qreːɡ
扼 *qreːɡ
軛 *qreːɡ
戹 *qreːɡ
豟 *qreːɡ
呝 *qreːɡ
軶 *qreːɡ

Possibly an ideogram (指事) of a person kneeling (卩), and a small stroke to accentuate the knee (now 厂).[1] Not cognate with 戹 (“yoke”) but eventually they shared meanings.

Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡ) : phonetic 厂 (OC *hŋaːnʔ, *hŋaːns) + semantic 卪 (“joint; node”) – wood knot.

  1. ^ 季旭昇，2002《說文新證.下冊》，台北：藝文印書館，2002年10月第1版。p.72

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 厄
alternative forms 戹
阨
𠂬
𭠀

Probably related to 嗌 (OC *qleɡ, “throat”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Or borrowed from Tocharian B räk- and Tocharian A räk- (“to stretch, to spread”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • eh - vernacular;
  • iak/ek - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 厄
Mandarin Beijing /ɤ⁵¹/
Harbin /ɤ⁴⁴/
/nɤ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /nɤ⁵³/
Jinan /ŋə⁴²/
Qingdao /ɣə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ɛ⁵³/
Xi'an /ŋɤ²¹/
Xining /ȵi⁴⁴/
/nɛ⁴⁴/ 新
Yinchuan /ə¹³/
Lanzhou /ɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /kɤ⁵¹/
Wuhan /ŋɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /ŋe³¹/
Guiyang /ŋɛ²¹/
Kunming /ə³¹/
Nanjing /əʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʐɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɣaʔ²/
Pingyao
Hohhot /ŋaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ŋəʔ¹/
Suzhou /ŋəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ʔɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /a²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ŋɛʔ²¹/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ŋə²⁴/
Xiangtan /ŋæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /ak̚¹/
Taoyuan /ɑk̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ak̚⁵/
Nanning /ŋɐk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /ak̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ik̚³²/
/eʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /aiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋɛ⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /eʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ŋɔk̚⁵/
Rime
Character 厄
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 麥 (119)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 於革切
Baxter 'eak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔˠɛk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔᵚæk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔɐk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔəɨjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ʔɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/æk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔæk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		e
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 厄
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		è
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔɛk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qˁ<r>[i]k/
English part of a yoke

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 厄
Reading # 1/1
No. 2707
Phonetic
component 		戹
Rime
group 		錫
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		戹
Old
Chinese 		/*qreːɡ/
Notes 同戹

Definitions

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厄

  1. harrowing; miserable
  2. disaster; calamity; catastrophe
  3. adversity; difficulty; distress
  4. to be stranded
  5. strategic point
  6. Alternative form of 軛／轭 (è, “yoke”)
Synonyms
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  • (harrowing):
  • (disaster):
  • (adversity):

Compounds

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References

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  1. ^ Alexander Lubotsky (1998) “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, in The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages 379-390

Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
 厄

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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厄

  1. ‡ Used in 科厄.

Etymology 3

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simp. and trad.
 厄

From 惡／恶.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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厄

  1. (Teochew) hard; difficult; challenging

Synonyms

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Japanese

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Kanji

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厄

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. unlucky
  2. misfortune
  3. bad luck
  4. disaster

Readings

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Noun

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Kanji in this term
厄
やく
Grade: S
on'yomi

厄(やく) • (yaku) 

  1. bad luck, evil

Korean

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Hanja

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厄 (eumhun 재앙 액 (jaeang aek))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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厄: Hán Việt readings: ách
厄: Nôm readings: ách, ạch, ịch

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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