危險

See also: 危険 and 危险

Chinese

	danger; to endanger	danger(ous); rugged
trad. (危險)	危	險
simp. (危险)	危	险
anagram	險危／险危

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wēixiǎn, wéixiǎn

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟㄒㄧㄢˇ, ㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁴ him²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngùi-hiám

(Hailu, HRS): ngui hiam^ˊ

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngui² hiam³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): gûi-hiám / hûi-hiám / ûi-hiám

(Teochew, Peng'im): nguin⁵ hiam²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶we-shi₅; ⁶ngue-shi₅ / ²we-shie₃ / ²wai-shie₃ / ²nguei-shie₃ / ²ngue-shi₃ / ²wi-shie₃
- (Jinhua): ²ui-shie₃

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wēixiǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟㄒㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: weisiǎn
  - Wade–Giles: wei¹-hsien³
  - Yale: wēi-syǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ueishean
  - Palladius: вэйсянь (vɛjsjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; dated variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wéixiǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wéisiǎn
  - Wade–Giles: wei²-hsien³
  - Yale: wéi-syǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weishean
  - Palladius: вэйсянь (vɛjsjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngai⁴ him²
  - Yale: ngàih hím
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁴ him²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁴ him²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²¹ hiːm³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngùi-hiám
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngui^ˇ hiam^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngui² hiam³
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯i¹¹ hi̯am³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngui hiam^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋui⁵⁵ hiam²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngui² hiam³
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋuɪ¹¹ hiam³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gûi-hiám
  - Tâi-lô: guî-hiám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gui'hiarm
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡui²³⁻³³ hiam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡui²⁴⁻²² hiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡui¹³⁻²² hiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡui²⁴⁻²² hiam⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡui²⁴⁻¹¹ hiam⁵³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûi-hiám
  - Tâi-lô: huî-hiám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hui'hiarm
  - IPA (Taipei): /hui²⁴⁻¹¹ hiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Penang): /hui²³⁻²¹ hiam⁴⁴⁵/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hui²³⁻³³ hiam⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi-hiám
  - Tâi-lô: uî-hiám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ui'hiarm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴⁻²² hiam⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui²³⁻³³ hiam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Singapore): /ui²⁴⁻²¹ hiam⁴²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ui²⁴⁻¹¹ hiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³⁻²² hiam⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: nguin⁵ hiam²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngûiⁿ hiám
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋũĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hiam⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶we-shi₅; ⁶ngue-shi₅
  - MiniDict: we^去 shi^去; ngue^去 shi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhue-xi₂; ³ngue-xi₂
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦue²² ɕi⁴⁴/, /ŋue²² ɕi⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ²we-shie₃
  - MiniDict: we^平 shie^上
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦue²² ɕɪ³³/
- (Northern: Changzhou)
  - Wugniu: ²wai-shie₃
  - MiniDict: wai^平 shie^上
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ɦuai¹¹ ɕɪ³³/
- (Northern: Chongming)
  - Wugniu: ²nguei-shie₃
  - MiniDict: nguei^平 shie^上
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦŋuei²⁴ ɕie/
- (Northern: Songjiang)
  - Wugniu: ²ngue-shi₃
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ŋue¹⁵ çi⁵³/
- (Northern: Tongxiang)
  - Wugniu: ²wi-shie₃
  - Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /ɦui²² ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ²ui-shie₃
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /ui³³ ɕie⁵³⁵/

Note: ⁶ngue - obsolete literary reading in Urban Shanghainese.

Middle Chinese: ngjwe xjemX

Rime
Character	危	險
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	支 (14)	鹽 (154)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	魚爲切	虚檢切
Baxter	ngjwe	xjemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiuᴇ/	/hˠiᴇm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷᵚiɛ/	/hᵚiɛm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiuɛ/	/xiæm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋjwiə̆/	/hjiam^X/
Li Rong	/ŋjue/	/xjɛm^X/
Wang Li	/ŋǐwe/	/xĭɛm^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋwie̯/	/xi̯ɛm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wéi	xiǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngai⁴	him²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ](r)[o]j qʰr[a]mʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋrol qʰramʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	危	險	險
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wēi	xiǎn	xiǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjwe ›	‹ xjæm^X ›	‹ xjem^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ](r)[o]j/	/*qʰr[a]mʔ/	/*qʰr[a]mʔ/
English	in danger	precipitous, dangerous	precipitous, dangerous
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	危	險
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12781	10221
Phonetic component	危	僉
Rime group	歌	談
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	危	險
Old Chinese	/*ŋrol/	/*qʰramʔ/

Adjective

危險

dangerous; risky; perilous
水深危險！／水深危险！ ― Shuǐshēn wēixiǎn! ― Warning: Deep water!

在懸崖邊行走是危險的。 [MSC, trad.]
在悬崖边行走是危险的。 [MSC, simp.]
Zài xuányá biān xíngzǒu shì wēixiǎn de. [Pinyin]
It is dangerous to walk near the edge of a cliff.

這四種職業很危險，膽子小的人，根本幹不了。 [MSC, trad.]
这四种职业很危险，胆子小的人，根本干不了。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè sì zhǒng zhíyè hěn wēixiǎn, dǎnzǐ xiǎo de rén, gēnběn gàn bù liǎo. [Pinyin]
These four occupations are very dangerous and not for the faint-hearted.
in danger; at risk
我感覺我危險了。 [MSC, trad.]
我感觉我危险了。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ gǎnjué wǒ wēixiǎn le. [Pinyin]
I feel I'm in danger.

Synonyms

(dangerous): 危急 (wēijí), 險惡／险恶 (xiǎn'è), 兇險／凶险 (xiōngxiǎn), (Cantonese) 牙煙／牙烟, (Hokkien) 險厄／险厄, (Northern Min) 僥險／侥险, (Teochew) 浪險／浪险

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “dangerous”): 安平 (ānpíng), 安然 (ānrán), 安全 (ānquán), 平安 (píng'ān)

Noun

危險

danger; risk; peril
危險係數／危险系数 ― wēixiǎn xìshù ― risk factor

以免發生危險／以免发生危险 ― yǐmiǎn fāshēng wēixiǎn ― in case of danger

路上坑坑窪窪的，騎車的人一不小心就有致命危險。 [MSC, trad.]
路上坑坑洼洼的，骑车的人一不小心就有致命危险。 [MSC, simp.]
Lùshàng kēngkēngwāwā de, qíchē de rén yībùxiǎoxīn jiù yǒu zhìmìng wēixiǎn. [Pinyin]
Pot holes can be lethal for the unwary cyclist.

Synonyms

(literary) 阽危 (diànwēi)
危機／危机 (wēijī)

Derived terms

危險品／危险品 (wēixiǎnpǐn)
生物危險／生物危险 (shēngwù wēixiǎn)

Adverb

危險

(Wuzhou Wu, Xuanzhou Wu) very; extremely

Synonyms

(very):

edit

不要太 (bùyàotài) (slang)
十分 (shífēn)
壞／坏 (huài)
孔 (kǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
很 (hěn)
極其／极其 (jíqí)
極度／极度 (jídù)
極為／极为 (jíwéi)
極端／极端 (jíduān)
滾／滚 (gǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
異常／异常 (yìcháng)
老大 (lǎodà) (colloquial, usually in the negative)
良
超 (chāo)
非常 (fēicháng)
頗／颇 (pō) (literary)
頗為／颇为 (pōwéi) (literary)

Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		甚, 孔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		很, 非常, 十分
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
	Taiwan	很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級
	Malaysia	很
	Singapore	很, 蠻, 非常
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	挺, 楞
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	很
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	很, 好
	Chongqing	很
	Wuhan	蠻, 很
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	蠻, 稀, 很
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	很
Cantonese	Guangzhou	好, 非常之
	Hong Kong	好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之, 無敵
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	好
	Taishan	好, 十分之
	Yangjiang	好
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	好
	Singapore (Guangfu)	好, 非常之, 非常
Gan	Nanchang	蠻
Hakka	Meixian	好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation
	Huidong (Daling)	好
	Wuhua (Meilin)	好
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	頂
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	好
	Changting	野
	Wuping (Pingyu)	已, 刮
	Liancheng	樣
	Ninghua	好
	Ruijin	蠻
	Shicheng	蠻
	Shangyou (Shexi)	蠻
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	當, 已, 還
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	蓋, 盡, 還
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	當, 盡, 已, 還
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	當, 已, 還
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	當, 已, 還
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	足, 真, 實在
	Hong Kong	好
	Sabah (Bao'an)	好
	Kuching (Hepo)	很
	Singapore (Dabu)	好
Jin	Taiyuan	很, 挺
Northern Min	Jian'ou	盡
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	野, 真
	Singapore (Fuqing)	真
	Sitiawan (Gutian)	真
Southern Min	Xiamen	真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰, 一
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	真
	Quanzhou	真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰
	Jinjiang	野
	Zhangzhou	盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔
	Zhao'an	很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
	Dongshan	真, 非常
	Taipei	真, 誠
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	真, 誠
	Kaohsiung	有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
	Yilan	有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
	Changhua (Lukang)	真, 誠
	Taichung	誠, 蓋, 足
	Tainan	有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
	Hsinchu	真, 誠
	Kinmen	足, 誠
	Penghu (Magong)	真, 誠
	Penang (Hokkien)	真, 誠, 真正
	Singapore (Hokkien)	真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
	Manila (Hokkien)	野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠
	Chaozhou	過, 好, 非常, 死爸
	Shantou	過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
	Shantou (Chenghai)	好, 死絕
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	好, 非常
	Jieyang	過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
	Bangkok (Teochew)	好
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	好
	Singapore (Teochew)	真, 死爸, 非常
	Wenchang	極, 但顧, 真
	Haikou	但顧
	Qionghai	但顧, 真
	Singapore (Hainanese)	但顧, 真
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	好, 蠻
Wu	Shanghai	蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
	Suzhou	蠻, 窮
	Hangzhou	蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒
	Ningbo	交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
	Zhoushan	交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
	Wenzhou	蠻, 蒙, 顯
Xiang	Changsha	很, 蠻
Xiang	Shuangfeng	蠻

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (危險):

→ Japanese: 危(き)険(けん) (kiken)
→ Korean: 위험(危險) (wiheom)
→ Vietnamese: nguy hiểm (危險)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
危	險
き Grade: 6	けん Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 危險 – see the following entry.

【危険きけん】

[adjective] dangerous; risky

[noun] danger

(This term, 危險, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
危	險

Noun

危險 • (wiheom) (hangeul 위험)

hanja form^? of 위험 (“danger”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
危	險

Noun

危險

chữ Hán form of nguy hiểm (“danger”).

Adjective

危險

chữ Hán form of nguy hiểm (“dangerous”).