千里馬

Chinese

		one thousand li; any great distance; fine horse one thousand li; any great distance; fine horse; fine steed; fast horse	horse; surname
trad. (千里馬)		千里	馬
simp. (千里马)		千里	马
Literally: “thousand li horse”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiānlǐmǎ

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄚˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cin¹ lei⁵ maa⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhian-lí-bé / chhian-lí-má

  (Teochew, Peng'im): coin¹ li² bhê²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiānlǐmǎ [Phonetic: qiānlímǎ]
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄚˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cianlǐmǎ
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien¹-li³-ma³
    • Yale: chyān-lǐ-mǎ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chianliimaa
    • Palladius: цяньлима (cjanʹlima)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cin¹ lei⁵ maa⁵
    • Yale: chīn léih máh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsin¹ lei⁵ maa⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: qin¹ léi⁵ ma⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ maː¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhian-lí-bé
    • Tâi-lô: tshian-lí-bé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chienly'bea
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ be⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhian-lí-má
    • Tâi-lô: tshian-lí-má
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chienlymar
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mã⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: coin¹ li² bhê²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshoiⁿ lí bé
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰõĩ³³⁻²³ li⁵²⁻³⁵ be⁵²⁻²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: tshen liX maeX

Rime
Character	千	里	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	來 (37)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	之 (19)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III	II
Fanqie	蒼先切	良士切	莫下切
Baxter	tshen	liX	maeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰen/	/lɨX/	/mˠaX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰen/	/lɨX/	/mᵚaX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛn/	/lieX/	/maX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛn/	/lɨX/	/maɨX/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰen/	/liəX/	/maX/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰien/	/lĭəX/	/maX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰien/	/liX/	/maX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiān	lǐ	mǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cin1	lei5	maa5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.n̥ˤi[ŋ]  (mə.)rəʔ  mˤraʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sn̥ʰiːn  rɯʔ  mraːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	千	里	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiān	lǐ	mǎ
Middle Chinese	‹ tshen ›	‹ liX ›	‹ mæX ›
Old Chinese	/*s.n̥ˁi[ŋ]/	/*(mə.)rəʔ/	/*mˁraʔ/
English	thousand	li (measure of distance); village	horse
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	千	里	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
No.	10792	7826	8715
Phonetic component	人	里	馬
Rime group	眞	之	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	千	里	馬
Old Chinese	/*sn̥ʰiːn/	/*rɯʔ/	/*mraːʔ/
Notes	小徐人聲，甲文乃借人加一

Noun

千里馬

1. fine horse; fine steed; fast horse

   • 臣聞古之君人，有以千金求千里馬者，三年不能得。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     臣闻古之君人，有以千金求千里马者，三年不能得。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5^th – 3^rd centuries BCE

     Chén wén gǔ zhī jūnrén, yǒu yǐ qiānjīn qiú qiānlǐmǎ zhě, sān nián bùnéng dé. [Pinyin]

     I your minister have heard that a ruler of yore sought a thousand-li horse with one thousand [taels of] gold, yet after three years still could not get one.

2. (figurative) talented person
3. (obsolete) courier

   Synonym: 走文書／走文书

4. Alternative term for 草鞋 (cǎoxié, “straw sandals”).
5. Chollima (a mythical Korean winged horse)
6. (Móng Cái Cantonese) frog

Synonyms

• (fine horse): 駿馬／骏马 (jùnmǎ)

Dialectal synonyms of 青蛙 (“frog”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		蛙, 田父
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		青蛙
Taxonomic name		蛙
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	蛤蟆, 田雞
	Taiwan	青蛙, 田雞
	Langfang	蛤蟆
	Chengde	蛤蟆
	Chifeng	青蛙, 蛤蟆
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	蛤蟆
	Heihe	青蛙, 蛤蟆
	Qiqihar	青蛙, 蛤蟆
	Harbin	蛤蟆, 青蛙, 青乖子
	Wuchang (Yingchengzi)	蛤蟆
	Jiamusi	青蛙, 青乖子
	Baicheng	青蛙, 蛤蟆
	Changchun	蛤蟆
	Tonghua	蛤蟆
	Shenyang	蛤蟆, 青蛙, 青乖子, 田雞
	Jinzhou	青蛙, 蛤蟆, 青罐兒
	Malaysia	青蛙
	Singapore	青蛙, 田雞 as food
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	蛤蟆
	Tangshan	蛤蟆, 青蛙
	Cangzhou	蛤蟆
	Xianxian (Xiaoying)	蛤蟆
	Baoding	田雞
	Shijiazhuang	蛤蟆
	Lijin	蛤蟆
	Jinan	蛤蟆, 田雞
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dandong	青蛙, 青蛙子, 蛤蟆
	Yantai	青崴子
	Yantai (Muping)	蚧巴子, 張拉崴子, 張崴子
	Qingdao	青崴, 崴子
	Zhucheng	歪子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	蛤蟆
	Lingbao	蛤蟆
	Jining	蛤蟆, 水雞兒
	Daming	蛤蟆
	Wanrong	水雞子
	Linfen	蛤蟆, 田雞, 水雞兒
	Shangqiu	青蛙, 蛤蟆, 水雞
	Yuanyang	青蛙, 蛤蟆
	Zhengzhou	蛤蟆
	Xinyang	蛤蟆
	Baihe	青蛙, 蛤蟆
	Xi'an	蛤蟆, 青蛙, 田雞
	Baoji	青蛙
	Tianshui	青雞
	Xining	青蛙
	Xuzhou	青蛙, 田雞, 蛤蟆, 水雞兒
	Fuyang	青蛙, 蛤蟆
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	懶呱子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	田畝雞, 青蛙
	Lanzhou	青蛙, 金蛤蟆, 長腿癩蛤蟆
	Dunhuang	青蛙
	Hami	癩呱呱
	Ürümqi	青蛙, 蛤蟆
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	蜞蟆兒, 青蜞蟆兒, 青蛙, 田雞
	Nanchong	青蛙, 田雞
	Dazhou	蛤蟆兒
	Hanyuan	青瘸蟆
	Xichang	青蛙
	Zigong	青蛙, 蛤蟆兒
	Chongqing	瘸滾兒
	Wuhan	蛤蟆, 綠蛤蟆, 田雞, 青蛙
	Yichang	青蛙, 田雞, 蛤蟆
	Xiangyang	蛤蟆
	Tianmen	青蛙, 蛤蟆
	Guiyang	青蛙, 田雞, 蛤蟆, 石蚌
	Zunyi	蛤蟆
	Bijie	蛤蟆, 青蛤蟆
	Liping	蛤蟆, 青皮蛤蟆
	Zhaotong	青蛙, 田雞, 石蚌
	Dali	青蛙, 田雞, 青雞
	Kunming	青蛙, 田雞
	Mengzi	青蛙
	Guilin	蟆𧊅
	Guanyang	蟆𧊅
	Lipu	屎𧊅
	Pingle	蟆𧊅, 田雞
	Yangshuo	蟆𧊅
	Liuzhou	蟆𧊅
	Luzhai	蟆𧊅, 田雞
	Nanning (Wuming)	蟆𧊅, 青蛙
	Binyang (Nanjie)	蟆𧊅
	Hechi (Yizhou)	青蛙, 蟆𧊅 big, 田雞 big, 蟆𧊅崽 small
	Luocheng (Dongmen)	蟆𧊅
	Xiangzhou (Nalu)	蟆𧊅
	Jishou	青蛤蟆
	Changde	蛤蟆, 田雞
	Hanzhong	青蛙
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	田雞, 水雞, 蛤蟆, 青蛙
	Yangzhou	田雞子, 田雞, 水雞子
	Lianyungang	田雞子, 田雞, 蛙子
	Lianshui	青蛙子
	Nantong	田雞
	Anqing	蛤蟆, 水雞兒
	Wuhu	蛤蟆, 田雞
	Hefei	蛤蟆, 田雞, 青蛙
	Chuzhou	田雞
	Hong'an	蛤蟆, 水雞
Cantonese	Guangzhou	青蛙, 田雞, 蛤乸, 蛤𧊅
	Hong Kong	青蛙, 田雞, 蛤乸, 蛤𧊅
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	蛤𧊅, 蛤乸
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	蛤
	Macau	田雞
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	田雞
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	蛤乸
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	蛤乸
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	田雞
	Foshan	青蛙, 田雞
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	雙養
	Foshan (Shunde)	田雞
	Foshan (Sanshui)	蛤乸
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	蛤乸
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	田雞
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	田雞
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	田雞
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	田雞
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	蛤
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	田雞, 蛤
	Taishan	田雞, 蛤𧊅
	Kaiping (Chikan)	田雞
	Enping (Niujiang)	田雞
	Heshan (Yayao)	田雞
	Dongguan	蛤, 田雞
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	蛤
	Yangjiang	蛤, 田雞
	Xinyi	蛤乸, 蛤𧊅
	Nanning	蛤乸
	Beihai	田雞, 蛤乸
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	田雞, 蛤乸
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	田雞, 蛤乸
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	田雞, 蛤乸
	Danzhou	蛤
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	田雞, 青蛙
	Singapore (Guangfu)	田雞
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	田雞
	Móng Cái	田雞, 千里馬
Gan	Nanchang	蛤蟆, 田雞, 老蛤
	Lichuan	蛤蟆
	Pingxiang	鬼蛤蟆
Hakka	Meixian	𧊅仔, 田雞, 蛤蟆
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	田雞
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	蚧嫲
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	蛤蟆
	Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng)	蛤蟆, 田雞
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	蛤蟆
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	蛤蟆
	Changting	蛤蟆
	Yudu	𧊅
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𧊅仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	𧊅仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	𧊅仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	𧊅
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	𧊅仔
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	𧊅子
	Hong Kong	蛤蟆
	Yangshuo (Jinbao)	蟆𧊅
	Sabah (Longchuan)	蛤蟆, 𧊅哩, 蛤𧊅
	Senai (Huiyang)	𧊅仔
	Singkawang	𧊅
Huizhou	Jixi	水雞, 田雞, 蛤蟆
	Shexian	蛤蟆, 田雞
Jin	Taiyuan	蛤蟆
	Yangyuan	青蛙, 蛤蟆, 青疥
	Datong	蛤蟆
	Xinzhou	蛤蟆
	Lüliang (Lishi)	蛤蟆
	Changzhi	蛤蟆
	Linhe	青蛙
	Jining	蛤蟆
	Hohhot	蛤蟆, 青蛙
	Erenhot	蛤蟆
	Pingshan	蛤蟆
	Zhangjiakou	蛤蟆, 青蛙
	Handan	蛤蟆, 青蛙
	Linzhou	青幫
	Suide	蛤蟆
Northern Min	Jian'ou	田狗, 水雞
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	青蛤, 黃䱝, 水雞
	Fuqing	青蛤, 黃䱝, 水雞
	Matsu	黃䱝
Southern Min	Xiamen	田蛤仔, 水雞
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	水雞
	Quanzhou	埯魅坸仔, 水雞
	Yongchun	水雞
	Zhangzhou	田蛤仔, 水雞
	Taipei	大肚仔魚, 水雞, 田蛤仔, 杜蝛仔
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	水雞, 田蛤仔, 肚蛙
	Kaohsiung	水雞, 四跤仔, 田蛤仔
	Yilan	水雞, 蛤仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	水雞, 田蛤仔
	Taichung	水雞
	Tainan	水雞, 四跤魚, 田蛤仔, 田僑
	Hsinchu	水雞
	Kinmen	水雞
	Penghu (Magong)	水雞
	Penang (Hokkien)	水雞
	Singapore (Hokkien)	水雞, 蛤婆, 田蛤仔
	Manila (Hokkien)	水雞, 田蛤仔
	Guilin (Biyange)	青老蛙
	Chaozhou	蛤虯, 水雞
	Raoping	水雞
	Shantou	水雞, 蛤虯 small
	Jieyang	水雞, 蛤虯 small
	Haifeng	蛤蛄, 蛤虯
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	蛤虯
	Leizhou	田雞, 蛤
	Wenchang	蛤, 田雞
	Haikou	蛤, 田雞, 螻蛤
Puxian Min	Putian	洋乜, 水雞
	Xianyou	洋乜, 水雞
Central Min	Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping)	田狗
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	黃蛤, 青蛙
	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	田雞
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	蛤, 田雞
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	蛤蟆
Wu	Shanghai	田雞, 青蛙
	Shanghai (Chongming)	田雞
	Suzhou	田雞, 青蛙
	Danyang	田雞, 青蛙
	Hangzhou	田雞
	Ningbo	癩斯, 青蛙癩斯, 田雞, 水雞
	Wenzhou	蛤蟆, 蛤蟆牯, 田雞
	Jinhua	田雞, 蟥蟆
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	田雞, 蛤蟆
Xiang	Changsha	蛤蟆, 蛤蟆子, 蟆𧊅, 水雞
	Loudi	蟆𧊅, 蟆𧊅子
	Shuangfeng	蟆𧊅子
	Quanzhou	蟆𧊅

Proper noun

千里馬

1. An ancient state around modern Trincomalee, Sri Lanka.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
千	里	馬
ちょん Grade: 1	り Grade: 2	ま Grade: 2
irregular

Kanji in this term
千	里	馬
ちょる Grade: 1	り Grade: 2	ま Grade: 2
irregular

Etymology

From Korean 천리마 (千里馬, cheollima).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) チョンリマ [chòńríꜜmà] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕõ̞n̺ɾʲima̠]

• (Tokyo) チョルリマ [chòrúríꜜmà] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ɾɯ̟ɾʲima̠]

Noun

千(ちょん)里(り)馬(ま) or 千里馬(チョンリマ) or 千(ちょる)里(り)馬(ま) or 千里馬(チョルリマ) • (chonrima or chorurima) 

1. Chollima (mythical Korean winged horse)

Korean

Hanja in this term
千	里	馬

Noun

千里馬 • (cheollima) (hangeul 천리마)

1. hanja form^? of 천리마