北辰

Chinese

		north	5th earthly branch; 7–9 a.m.
trad. (北辰)		北	辰
simp. #(北辰)		北	辰

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Běichén

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˇ ㄔㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bak¹ san⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pok-sîn / pak-sîn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Běichén
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˇ ㄔㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Běichén
    • Wade–Giles: Pei³-chʻên²
    • Yale: Běi-chén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Beeichern
    • Palladius: Бэйчэнь (Bɛjčɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bak¹ san⁴
    • Yale: bāk sàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bak⁷ san⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: beg¹ sen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐk̚⁵ sɐn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pok-sîn / pak-sîn
    • Tâi-lô: pok-sîn / pak-sîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poksiin, paksiin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sin²⁴/, /pak̚³²⁻⁴ sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sin²⁴/, /pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔk̚³²⁻⁵ sin¹³/, /pak̚³²⁻⁵ sin¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sin²⁴/, /pak̚³²⁻⁴ sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sin²³/, /pak̚³²⁻⁴ sin²³/

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• Middle Chinese: pok dzyin

Rime
Character	北	辰
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	德 (131)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	博墨切	植鄰切
Baxter	pok	dzyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pək̚/	/d͡ʑiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/pək̚/	/d͡ʑin/
Shao Rongfen	/pək̚/	/d͡ʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pək̚/	/d͡ʑin/
Li Rong	/pək̚/	/ʑiĕn/
Wang Li	/pək̚/	/ʑĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pək̚/	/ʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo	chén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bak1	san4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤək  [d]ər/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pɯːɡ  djɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	北	辰
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	běi	chén
Middle Chinese	‹ pok ›	‹ dzyin ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁək/	/*[d]ər/
English	north	5th earthly branch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	北	辰
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	414	1372
Phonetic component	北	辰
Rime group	職	文
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	北	辰
Old Chinese	/*pɯːɡ/	/*djɯn/

Proper noun

北辰

1. (literary, astronomy) North Star; Polaris

   • 子曰：「為政以德，譬如北辰，居其所，而眾星共之。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：「为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所，而众星共之。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐyuē: “Wéizhèng yǐ dé, pìrú běichén, jū qí suǒ, ér zhòng xīng gòng zhī.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, "He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it."

2. (～區) Beichen (a district of Tianjin, China)

Synonyms

• 北極星／北极星 (Běijíxīng)